Payame Noor University Applied Research of Sport Management 2345-5551 5 2 2016 10 22 The Role of Ambush Marketing, Negative Behavior and congruence in Intention to Purchase from Iran Football Pro-League Sponsors The Role of Ambush Marketing, Negative Behavior and congruence in Intention to Purchase from Iran Football Pro-League Sponsors 11 21 3148 FA Ahmad Fallahi Daneshgah Tarbiat Modares Mohamad Ehsani Tarbiat Modares University Hshem Kouzehchian Tarbiat Moares University Mohammad Khabiri University of Tehran Journal Article 2014 09 14 This research aimed at investigating the Moderating role of ambush marketing, negative behavior and congruence in the relationship between sport (Iran Football pro-league) involvement and intention to purchase. The research used a descriptive-correlation method conducted as a field. The sample consisted of 515 pro-league spectators. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by 14 professors and through confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach''s alpha (over 0.7 for the whole questionnaire and all subscales). ANCOVA was used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference in intention to purchase from sponsors with regard to different levels of sport involvement (F=1.8, P=0.001). Also, the Moderating role of negative behavior (F=14.6, P=0.001) and congruence (F=100.2, P=0.001) in purchase intention was significant while the moderating role of ambush marketing (F=0.34, P=0.0556) was not significant. Generally, there was a relationship between the pro-league involvement and the intention to purchase sponsors'' products and players'' negative behaviors and the congruence between sponsors and pro-league moderated this relationship. This research aimed at investigating the Moderating role of ambush marketing, negative behavior and congruence in the relationship between sport (Iran Football pro-league) involvement and intention to purchase. The research used a descriptive-correlation method conducted as a field. The sample consisted of 515 pro-league spectators. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by 14 professors and through confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach''s alpha (over 0.7 for the whole questionnaire and all subscales). ANCOVA was used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference in intention to purchase from sponsors with regard to different levels of sport involvement (F=1.8, P=0.001). Also, the Moderating role of negative behavior (F=14.6, P=0.001) and congruence (F=100.2, P=0.001) in purchase intention was significant while the moderating role of ambush marketing (F=0.34, P=0.0556) was not significant. Generally, there was a relationship between the pro-league involvement and the intention to purchase sponsors'' products and players'' negative behaviors and the congruence between sponsors and pro-league moderated this relationship.

https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3148_746a1ed22bc6fb59a81f6ec0ef01204f.pdf

Payame Noor University Applied Research of Sport Management 2345-5551 5 2 2016 10 22 Implementation problems of Sabah swimming plan from the perspective of schools administrators in Neyshabur city Implementation problems of Sabah swimming plan from the perspective of schools administrators in Neyshabur city 23 36 3149 FA Mohammad Ali Sahebkaran Mehdi Talebpour Mostafa Entezari Zarch Mohammad Ardame Journal Article 2015 04 30 The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize the problems of Sabah swimming plan from the perspective of schools administrators in Neyshabur city. The sample of the present study included all the elementary schools administrators in Neyshabur city (12o participants) in one educational year (2014-2015). The data of the study was gathered through a questionnaire which was constructed by the researcher. It included 20 items about the problems of implementing the swimming plan. In order to establish the validity of the questionnaire a semi-structured interview with 15 swimming trainers was conducted. Also, in order to examine whether the questionnaire is reliable, a cronbach's alpha was used. To analyze the data an exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation and to prioritize the factors according to the non-normality of the data a Friedman test and a Mark post hoc test were used. The results showed that 96.7 of the administrators, 75.6 of the families and 94.4 of the students agreed with such a plan. After running an exploratory factor analysis, 20 indexes were considered which explained 66.269 percent of the total variance in the questionnaire. The problems of the plan were prioritized as follows: family problems, students problems, health problems, educational problems, managers and trainers problems, planning problems and problems related to the facilities and space. Problems related to the students and families were discovered to be the most important ones and managers should pay more attention to such problems for the better implementation of the swimming plan. The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize the problems of Sabah swimming plan from the perspective of schools administrators in Neyshabur city. The sample of the present study included all the elementary schools administrators in Neyshabur city (12o participants) in one educational year (2014-2015). The data of the study was gathered through a questionnaire which was constructed by the researcher. It included 20 items about the problems of implementing the swimming plan. In order to establish the validity of the questionnaire a semi-structured interview with 15 swimming trainers was conducted. Also, in order to examine whether the questionnaire is reliable, a cronbach's alpha was used. To analyze the data an exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation and to prioritize the factors according to the non-normality of the data a Friedman test and a Mark post hoc test were used. The results showed that 96.7 of the administrators, 75.6 of the families and 94.4 of the students agreed with such a plan. After running an exploratory factor analysis, 20 indexes were considered which explained 66.269 percent of the total variance in the questionnaire. The problems of the plan were prioritized as follows: family problems, students problems, health problems, educational problems, managers and trainers problems, planning problems and problems related to the facilities and space. Problems related to the students and families were discovered to be the most important ones and managers should pay more attention to such problems for the better implementation of the swimming plan.

https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3149_eefae15f5275624ccf7bc816be88bc39.pdf

Payame Noor University Applied Research of Sport Management 2345-5551 5 2 2016 10 22 Relationship customer relationship management (CRM) with productivity in Qazvin's sport clubs Relationship customer relationship management (CRM) with productivity in Qazvin's sport clubs 37 46 3150 FA Farshad Kalhor Mir Hasan Seyed Ameri Abolfazl Azizi Qara Mohammadi Journal Article 2014 02 05 Present study was to find the relationship between customer relationship management (CRM) and productivity in Qazvin's sport clubs. This study is a descriptive - correlation study and statistical population included all managers of Qazvin's sport clubs whether private or public, including the 110 club, due to the limited number of statistical population, all members of statistical population were selected as the sample population. In this study two questionnaires to gather the needed information the customer relationship management (CRM) and productivity were used. For data analysis the application of spss v.17 is used and statistical tests used in this study, in addition to the descriptive test, was Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression test. Correlation coefficient of two variables, customer relationship management (CRM) and have productivity, also in cases of customer relationship management (CRM) dimensions and productivity shows a significant relationship (p=0/018, r=0/479). Also, using stepwise multiple regression identified variables and the proportion customer relationship management (CRM) Dimensions and predict changes in the productivity of sports clubs is about 34 percent (p=0/001, a=0/01, F=47/11). Based on the results above, it can be said that the sports clubs of customer relationship management at a higher level, they had higher productivity. Present study was to find the relationship between customer relationship management (CRM) and productivity in Qazvin's sport clubs. This study is a descriptive - correlation study and statistical population included all managers of Qazvin's sport clubs whether private or public, including the 110 club, due to the limited number of statistical population, all members of statistical population were selected as the sample population. In this study two questionnaires to gather the needed information the customer relationship management (CRM) and productivity were used. For data analysis the application of spss v.17 is used and statistical tests used in this study, in addition to the descriptive test, was Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression test. Correlation coefficient of two variables, customer relationship management (CRM) and have productivity, also in cases of customer relationship management (CRM) dimensions and productivity shows a significant relationship (p=0/018, r=0/479). Also, using stepwise multiple regression identified variables and the proportion customer relationship management (CRM) Dimensions and predict changes in the productivity of sports clubs is about 34 percent (p=0/001, a=0/01, F=47/11). Based on the results above, it can be said that the sports clubs of customer relationship management at a higher level, they had higher productivity.

https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3150_bb7811df1e4d6568b981b06beb86f381.pdf

Payame Noor University Applied Research of Sport Management 2345-5551 5 2 2016 10 22 Influencing Factors on tendency of primary schools physical education teachers to use instructional media in the teaching process Influencing Factors on tendency of primary schools physical education teachers to use instructional media in the teaching process 47 54 3151 FA Vali Alizadeh Allameh Tabataba’i University Malek Ahmadi Behzad Ahadi Journal Article 2014 12 28 The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on tendency of primary schools physical education teachers in Parsabad to use instructional media in teaching and learning process. This study is cross - correlation and Applied for the objective. The population was included 65 physical education teachers in elementary schools of Parsabad. The sample was selected equal with population. Research tools was Researcher made questionnaire it includes 28 items and 6 scales (the book, staffing specialist, motivational factors, teaching method, facilities and knowledge). Face and content-related validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was obtained on a sample of 20 individuals using Cronbach's alpha 0.89. The one-sample t test was used for data analysis. based on analysis of data, tendency to using instructional media in the teaching process and its components, between Primary school physical education teachers in this study was less than the average projection (P The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on tendency of primary schools physical education teachers in Parsabad to use instructional media in teaching and learning process. This study is cross - correlation and Applied for the objective. The population was included 65 physical education teachers in elementary schools of Parsabad. The sample was selected equal with population. Research tools was Researcher made questionnaire it includes 28 items and 6 scales (the book, staffing specialist, motivational factors, teaching method, facilities and knowledge). Face and content-related validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was obtained on a sample of 20 individuals using Cronbach's alpha 0.89. The one-sample t test was used for data analysis. based on analysis of data, tendency to using instructional media in the teaching process and its components, between Primary school physical education teachers in this study was less than the average projection (P

https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3151_7642f90a5ff433837ade79509d417b53.pdf

Payame Noor University Applied Research of Sport Management 2345-5551 5 2 2016 10 22 Reviewing the features of personalities and resistance against change of Mashhad physical educations instructors Reviewing the features of personalities and resistance against change of Mashhad physical educations instructors 55 62 3152 FA Hassan Fahim Devin Ehsan Asadollahi Islamic Azad Univercity Central Tehran Branch Journal Article 2014 04 10 Organizations in order to meet effectiveness need a change and adaptation to changing environment and certainly there would be a resistance to it and employees wont accept it easily. This research by investigating the relationship between these variables (personality traits and resistance to change) tries to predict resistance to change through the subscales of personality traits. For these purposes 284 teachers (151 female and 133 Male) were selected randomly as statistical sample and responded to Neo (1994), Personality traits and Agha janie,s resistance to change questionnaires with coefficient alphas of 0.79 and 0.81 respectively. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency tables, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis was used multistage, the data analysis software (Spss) was performed. The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between personality traits and its subscales with resistance to change, and among the big five personality traits teachers who were extroverted and open to experience had the least resistance to change and teachers with neuroticism personality trait had the most resistance to change. Organizations in order to meet effectiveness need a change and adaptation to changing environment and certainly there would be a resistance to it and employees wont accept it easily. This research by investigating the relationship between these variables (personality traits and resistance to change) tries to predict resistance to change through the subscales of personality traits. For these purposes 284 teachers (151 female and 133 Male) were selected randomly as statistical sample and responded to Neo (1994), Personality traits and Agha janie,s resistance to change questionnaires with coefficient alphas of 0.79 and 0.81 respectively. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency tables, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis was used multistage, the data analysis software (Spss) was performed. The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between personality traits and its subscales with resistance to change, and among the big five personality traits teachers who were extroverted and open to experience had the least resistance to change and teachers with neuroticism personality trait had the most resistance to change.

https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3152_604a9d2bb7560397ff85a436dcddd44e.pdf

Payame Noor University Applied Research of Sport Management 2345-5551 5 2 2016 10 22 comparative surveying of athletic identity of Iranian Super League Handball players and leading behavior of their coaches based on team performance comparative surveying of athletic identity of Iranian Super League Handball players and leading behavior of their coaches based on team performance 63 75 3153 FA Mehr Ali Hematinezhad Associate Professor of sport management, University of guilan Shahram Shafiee Kordshooli Assistant Professor of sport management, University of guilan Mahdi Hajiabadi Journal Article 2014 09 25 The purpose of this study was comparative surveying of athletic identity of Iranian Super League Handball players and leading behavior of their coaches based on team performance. The statistical society includes all the working players in handball Super League (n=144). The survey’s materials have been Leadership questionnaires of LSS (conduct scale) and athletic identity questionnaires (AIMS Plus) with reliability of (93%) and (89%) respectively. Also for evaluation of the performance of teams, final chart of league based on points difference and ranks of teams were divided into three parts. For analyzing the data, kolmogrov-smirnov tests, ANOVA and Gabriel post hoc test, Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tracing measuring and SPSS software have been used (p≤0/05). Results of comparing coaches’ leadership styles showed that training and instruction leadership styles, social support style, positive feedback style and democratic style among the coaches of successful, less successful and unsuccessful had significant differences (p The purpose of this study was comparative surveying of athletic identity of Iranian Super League Handball players and leading behavior of their coaches based on team performance. The statistical society includes all the working players in handball Super League (n=144). The survey’s materials have been Leadership questionnaires of LSS (conduct scale) and athletic identity questionnaires (AIMS Plus) with reliability of (93%) and (89%) respectively. Also for evaluation of the performance of teams, final chart of league based on points difference and ranks of teams were divided into three parts. For analyzing the data, kolmogrov-smirnov tests, ANOVA and Gabriel post hoc test, Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tracing measuring and SPSS software have been used (p≤0/05). Results of comparing coaches’ leadership styles showed that training and instruction leadership styles, social support style, positive feedback style and democratic style among the coaches of successful, less successful and unsuccessful had significant differences (p

https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3153_008af77c8e2474648320fcffe545e543.pdf

Payame Noor University Applied Research of Sport Management 2345-5551 5 2 2016 10 22 The relationship between brand identity with loyalty of fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis (A Case Study of Mazandaran province) The relationship between brand identity with loyalty of fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis (A Case Study of Mazandaran province) 77 86 3154 FA Tahere Ebrahimipoor daneshjoo Saeid Amirnezhad Seyed Emad Hosseini Maziyar Kalashi Journal Article 2014 12 06 The main goal of this study examines the relationship between brand identity whit loyalty fans Esteghlal and Persepolis teams In Mazandaran province. The method of present study Descriptive and correlational and its statistical population are fans Esteghlal and Persepolis That sample size of 385 with method cluster randomized in the local area, West, Central and East provinces were selected. From a researcher made questionnaire brand identity that derives from standard questionnaire of Khodadadi (1393) that consists of nine questions in three dimensions and Customer loyalty questionnaire of Allen (1990), That consists of 12 questions in two dimensions has been used. Order to estimate the content validity questionnaire from opinions of the sport management professors and relevant experts has been used and its reliability using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (brand identity 0/721 and Customer loyalty 0/720) were obtained. Descriptive statistics was used to describe study variables and to analyze the test data and the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression of KS. Analysis results showed that there is a direct correlation between brand identity and loyalty of fans (p= 0/001) and all three dimensions of brand identity have a positive impact and significant to the brand loyalty. According to the research results calls for more attention both managers and club officials, the improvement subscale of the brand credibility and brand loyalty seems necessary. The main goal of this study examines the relationship between brand identity whit loyalty fans Esteghlal and Persepolis teams In Mazandaran province. The method of present study Descriptive and correlational and its statistical population are fans Esteghlal and Persepolis That sample size of 385 with method cluster randomized in the local area, West, Central and East provinces were selected. From a researcher made questionnaire brand identity that derives from standard questionnaire of Khodadadi (1393) that consists of nine questions in three dimensions and Customer loyalty questionnaire of Allen (1990), That consists of 12 questions in two dimensions has been used. Order to estimate the content validity questionnaire from opinions of the sport management professors and relevant experts has been used and its reliability using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (brand identity 0/721 and Customer loyalty 0/720) were obtained. Descriptive statistics was used to describe study variables and to analyze the test data and the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression of KS. Analysis results showed that there is a direct correlation between brand identity and loyalty of fans (p= 0/001) and all three dimensions of brand identity have a positive impact and significant to the brand loyalty. According to the research results calls for more attention both managers and club officials, the improvement subscale of the brand credibility and brand loyalty seems necessary.

https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3154_36791724ecdf3fd1ce0df9aa7f2bef8a.pdf

Payame Noor University Applied Research of Sport Management 2345-5551 5 2 2016 10 22 Creativity Barriers Among Administration of Physical Education Employees in Ministry of Education Creativity Barriers Among Administration of Physical Education Employees in Ministry of Education 87 95 3155 FA Sodabe Foladi Heydarlo Masomeh Hosseyni Hassan Gharekhani Journal Article 2014 10 17 Abstract: The purpose of this study was to survey the creativity barriers among administration of physical education employees in ministry of education. This research is a descriptive research type and was conducted as a field study. The population and sample included the whole administration of physical education employees in ministry of education(54percent male, 46 percent female , age average 39 ). The data collection was performed with Fifer (1990) Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential methods such as T test , Aniva and coefficient correlation were used for hypothesis testing. The results showed there was no significant differences between men and women, creativity barriers. They were significantly difference between the abstract and the subjective. Also there were significant differences between individuals barriers to creativity with regard to degree. negative significant correlation was found between confidence and abstract abstraction with employees age and experience. so we strongly recommended these employees usage in administration of physial education. Keywords: creativity, barriers, Administration of Physical Education. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to survey the creativity barriers among administration of physical education employees in ministry of education. This research is a descriptive research type and was conducted as a field study. The population and sample included the whole administration of physical education employees in ministry of education(54percent male, 46 percent female , age average 39 ). The data collection was performed with Fifer (1990) Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential methods such as T test , Aniva and coefficient correlation were used for hypothesis testing. The results showed there was no significant differences between men and women, creativity barriers. They were significantly difference between the abstract and the subjective. Also there were significant differences between individuals barriers to creativity with regard to degree. negative significant correlation was found between confidence and abstract abstraction with employees age and experience. so we strongly recommended these employees usage in administration of physial education. Keywords: creativity, barriers, Administration of Physical Education.

https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3155_8105c55b65213594b57092ca6c191631.pdf

Payame Noor University Applied Research of Sport Management 2345-5551 5 2 2016 10 22 The comparison of responsibility levels of athlete and non-athlete students based on TPSR model The comparison of responsibility levels of athlete and non-athlete students based on TPSR model 97 108 3156 FA Rahim Ramzaninezhad Professor in Sport Management, University of Guilan Samaneh Nazari M.Sc. in Sport Management, University of Guilan Mina Mallaei PhD Student in Sport Management, University of Guilan Journal Article 2014 01 29 The purpose of this research was to compare responsibility levels of athlete and non-athlete students based on TPSR model. On the basis of Morgan table, As the sample of this study 357 students from all male and female students in 3rd grade of public middle schools in Rasht (n=6882), randomly participated in this research whose responsibility were studied based on opinions of 357 parents, 44 physical education teachers and 69 other lessons teachers’ viewpoints in home, physical education class and other classes. Research instrument was PSRQ (Standard Responsibility Questionnaire) by Right et al (2008). Content validity was confirmed by the 20 experts of sport management, psychology and education. The reliability of students’responsibility questionnaires were confirmed in home (α=0.72), physical education class (α=0.86) and other classes (α=0.90) by Cranach’s Alpha coefficient. Data analyzing by using U-Mann Whitney test and SPSS software in the significant level of P≤0.05 indicated that from parents, physical education teachers and other lessons teachers’ viewpoints, athlete students showed higher responsibility in all levels such as self- control, participation, self-direction, caring to others as well as personal and social responsibility in home, physical education class and other classes. Based on the opinions of all three groups, their responsibility level of athlete students was lower than non-athlete students in home, physical education class and other classes (P≤0.05). The purpose of this research was to compare responsibility levels of athlete and non-athlete students based on TPSR model. On the basis of Morgan table, As the sample of this study 357 students from all male and female students in 3rd grade of public middle schools in Rasht (n=6882), randomly participated in this research whose responsibility were studied based on opinions of 357 parents, 44 physical education teachers and 69 other lessons teachers’ viewpoints in home, physical education class and other classes. Research instrument was PSRQ (Standard Responsibility Questionnaire) by Right et al (2008). Content validity was confirmed by the 20 experts of sport management, psychology and education. The reliability of students’responsibility questionnaires were confirmed in home (α=0.72), physical education class (α=0.86) and other classes (α=0.90) by Cranach’s Alpha coefficient. Data analyzing by using U-Mann Whitney test and SPSS software in the significant level of P≤0.05 indicated that from parents, physical education teachers and other lessons teachers’ viewpoints, athlete students showed higher responsibility in all levels such as self- control, participation, self-direction, caring to others as well as personal and social responsibility in home, physical education class and other classes. Based on the opinions of all three groups, their responsibility level of athlete students was lower than non-athlete students in home, physical education class and other classes (P≤0.05).

https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3156_eeb5ed9221066a51998b3b05a1406aca.pdf