Payame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920Structural Equation Modeling of the influence of communication skills on Management skills between sport managersStructural Equation Modeling of the influence of communication skills on Management skills between sport managers1120227FAMahmoodGoodarziRasoolNazariMohammadEhsaniJournal Article20120521The purpose of this research is to study the effects of communication skills on management skills between sport managers. The research is descriptive and conducted through a survey. The population included 700 sports managers while the sample was opted by stratified random. Measurement tools contained questionnaires including Barton J communication skills, management skills questionaires with reliabilities of (0.81, 0.88), respectively. Inferential statistical method and structural equation model (SEM) were utilized in order to investigate the effects of observed variables on latent variables. The results showed that there exists a significant different between management skills amonge several sport managers and significant different between man amd woman sport managers.Also according result of Structural Equation Modeling communicational skill effect on management skills(0.89). Hence, the results of the implementing measuring models for the route analysis of communication skills confirmed management skills between sport managers as well as of the conceptual models of this research.The purpose of this research is to study the effects of communication skills on management skills between sport managers. The research is descriptive and conducted through a survey. The population included 700 sports managers while the sample was opted by stratified random. Measurement tools contained questionnaires including Barton J communication skills, management skills questionaires with reliabilities of (0.81, 0.88), respectively. Inferential statistical method and structural equation model (SEM) were utilized in order to investigate the effects of observed variables on latent variables. The results showed that there exists a significant different between management skills amonge several sport managers and significant different between man amd woman sport managers.Also according result of Structural Equation Modeling communicational skill effect on management skills(0.89). Hence, the results of the implementing measuring models for the route analysis of communication skills confirmed management skills between sport managers as well as of the conceptual models of this research.https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_227_471ddc1b6a75b0208b7ef408dcf6e12b.pdfPayame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920The Study of Physical Self- Descriptive Subscales in Elite Physical Fitness Coaches of IranThe Study of Physical Self- Descriptive Subscales in Elite Physical Fitness Coaches of Iran2128228FAMohammadGharehMarjanAdel GahremaniHamedSafariJournal Article20120815The purpose of the present study was to examine physical self- descriptive subscales in elite female fitness coaches of Iran. In this survey, 83 female aerobic coaches that participated in an international coaching course were stratified randomly selected and Physical Self-Descriptive Questionnaire (Marsh, 1994) were distributed. Content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed in Iran and internal consistency of questionnaire in a pilot study was 0.92. Data analysis was by employing Pearson correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Willis, t independent, ANOVA and K-S tests. The findings showed that there was significant difference between mean score of physical self-descriptive (F=3.082, P=0.021) and also sport competence, strength, endurance and body fat subscales of elite female aerobic coaches with separate of their regular exercise sessions in week (P<0.05). Also, there was significant difference between mean scores of appearance and body fat sub-scales in married and single coaches (P<0.05). Finally, aerobic coaches’ physical self- descriptive has a key role for them to develop their profession.The purpose of the present study was to examine physical self- descriptive subscales in elite female fitness coaches of Iran. In this survey, 83 female aerobic coaches that participated in an international coaching course were stratified randomly selected and Physical Self-Descriptive Questionnaire (Marsh, 1994) were distributed. Content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed in Iran and internal consistency of questionnaire in a pilot study was 0.92. Data analysis was by employing Pearson correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Willis, t independent, ANOVA and K-S tests. The findings showed that there was significant difference between mean score of physical self-descriptive (F=3.082, P=0.021) and also sport competence, strength, endurance and body fat subscales of elite female aerobic coaches with separate of their regular exercise sessions in week (P<0.05). Also, there was significant difference between mean scores of appearance and body fat sub-scales in married and single coaches (P<0.05). Finally, aerobic coaches’ physical self- descriptive has a key role for them to develop their profession.https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_228_1f00124ec5e2afd77a564f44f77a818a.pdfPayame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920The relationship between motivation factors and burnout in physical education teachers of Tabriz based on the ERG modelThe relationship between motivation factors and burnout in physical education teachers of Tabriz based on the ERG model2938229FAAbolfazlFarahaniYaghoubBadri AzarinElhamMohammadi AghdamJournal Article20120604The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between motivation factors and burnout in physical education teachers of Tabriz based on the ERG model. It is a descriptive- solidarity research. The social statistics of this study were all of the physical education teachers of Tabriz in Guidance and High schools. Appling Morgan sample table in 2012, 226 teachers out of 500 Tabriz’s physical education teachers in guidance and high schools were selected. The data were collected by the ERG requirement questionnaire and Maslutch Burnout Inventory (MBI). Statistical Pearson correlation, t-test and step by step regression were used independently for data analysis. The results showed the physical education teachers believed that other teachers’ attitude about physical teaching education was not agreeable and they believed that physical education coarses required less effort than the others. There was direct relationship between Alderfer motivation needs and Job Burnout. However, only two factors of dependence and physiological needs were the predictors of jobBurnout (P<0.01).The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between motivation factors and burnout in physical education teachers of Tabriz based on the ERG model. It is a descriptive- solidarity research. The social statistics of this study were all of the physical education teachers of Tabriz in Guidance and High schools. Appling Morgan sample table in 2012, 226 teachers out of 500 Tabriz’s physical education teachers in guidance and high schools were selected. The data were collected by the ERG requirement questionnaire and Maslutch Burnout Inventory (MBI). Statistical Pearson correlation, t-test and step by step regression were used independently for data analysis. The results showed the physical education teachers believed that other teachers’ attitude about physical teaching education was not agreeable and they believed that physical education coarses required less effort than the others. There was direct relationship between Alderfer motivation needs and Job Burnout. However, only two factors of dependence and physiological needs were the predictors of jobBurnout (P<0.01).https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_229_66af5fa37251530cc42696eb91b1b47b.pdfPayame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920Content Analysis of 90 TV sport programContent Analysis of 90 TV sport program3948230FAHamidGhasemiMahvashNoorbakhshEsmaeilSadipourFatemehSedighiJournal Article20120720The purposive of study was content analysis of 90 TV Sport program in 2008-2009. The population was the all of the program in during of a Iran Football Superleage.The sample was purposive and The program were broadcast in during the second semi ssesean of super league in 2008-09. <br />Content analysis was performed with preparation of coddingsheet and codifying instruction , and operational definitions from the categories with three units of program, item, and subject. <br />The findings showed : 77% of the subjects given in the program were related to main subjects while 23% were related to secondary subjects .In 78% of the subjects the performer had no objection and in 96% of the subject there was no verbal confrontation between the performed and the guest. <br /> The role of marginal subjects in live programs is twice more than that in recorded programs the trend of program is more focused and managerial subjects having a critical position toward managers and technical staffs of the teams and a fair trend toward the players and umpires . Using 37% of mocking tone in a serious and live TV program would show the program to be highly critical and clamorous. Mocking free critical and using the experts in different sport fields would help the improvement of the program and would be highly effective in preservation on the program.The purposive of study was content analysis of 90 TV Sport program in 2008-2009. The population was the all of the program in during of a Iran Football Superleage.The sample was purposive and The program were broadcast in during the second semi ssesean of super league in 2008-09. <br />Content analysis was performed with preparation of coddingsheet and codifying instruction , and operational definitions from the categories with three units of program, item, and subject. <br />The findings showed : 77% of the subjects given in the program were related to main subjects while 23% were related to secondary subjects .In 78% of the subjects the performer had no objection and in 96% of the subject there was no verbal confrontation between the performed and the guest. <br /> The role of marginal subjects in live programs is twice more than that in recorded programs the trend of program is more focused and managerial subjects having a critical position toward managers and technical staffs of the teams and a fair trend toward the players and umpires . Using 37% of mocking tone in a serious and live TV program would show the program to be highly critical and clamorous. Mocking free critical and using the experts in different sport fields would help the improvement of the program and would be highly effective in preservation on the program.https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_230_20ac5b5385ab22768760891ace6238a6.pdfPayame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920The determination of relationship between workaholism and quality of life among the female physical education teachers in Kermanshah: with emphasis on conceptual model of War and SherbornThe determination of relationship between workaholism and quality of life among the female physical education teachers in Kermanshah: with emphasis on conceptual model of War and Sherborn4958231FAGholamrezaShabaniAbolfazlFarahaniHamidehLatifiJournal Article20120722The purpose of this research is the determination of the relationship between workaholism and quality of life among the female physical education teachers in Kermanshah .This research is a kind of descriptive – correlation investigation and has been carried out according to field study. The statistical society of this project includes 101 female physical education teachers in Kermanshah based on Kerjesi and Morgan table. Of those, 80 persons have been randomly chosen as a statistical sample. Workaholism (Spins and Rabins) and quality of life (War and Sherborn) questionnaires have been used in order to collect the data .Their stability has been determined through Keronbakh Alfa as 82% and 85%, respectively. The statistical methods of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient has been used for analyzing the data. The results of the research showed that there was a strong meaningful negative relationship between teacher’s workaholism and quality of life. In other word, when the degree of workaholism increases, the degree of the quality of life decreases consequently. There was a meaningful negative performance between workaholism and the components of quality of life (general health, social performance, energy, emotions and mental health). Therefore, the teachers are advised to observe moderation and to avoid the excesses and wastage and to try for maintaining their mental health.The purpose of this research is the determination of the relationship between workaholism and quality of life among the female physical education teachers in Kermanshah .This research is a kind of descriptive – correlation investigation and has been carried out according to field study. The statistical society of this project includes 101 female physical education teachers in Kermanshah based on Kerjesi and Morgan table. Of those, 80 persons have been randomly chosen as a statistical sample. Workaholism (Spins and Rabins) and quality of life (War and Sherborn) questionnaires have been used in order to collect the data .Their stability has been determined through Keronbakh Alfa as 82% and 85%, respectively. The statistical methods of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient has been used for analyzing the data. The results of the research showed that there was a strong meaningful negative relationship between teacher’s workaholism and quality of life. In other word, when the degree of workaholism increases, the degree of the quality of life decreases consequently. There was a meaningful negative performance between workaholism and the components of quality of life (general health, social performance, energy, emotions and mental health). Therefore, the teachers are advised to observe moderation and to avoid the excesses and wastage and to try for maintaining their mental health.https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_231_7cc013013f31894e8279d17182847ad7.pdfPayame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920The comparison of effects Type of Intervention (Aerobic activity, Caloric restriction and both of them) in equal energy levels on in inflammatory biomarkers (CRP and Fibrinogen) in obese womenThe comparison of effects Type of Intervention (Aerobic activity, Caloric restriction and both of them) in equal energy levels on in inflammatory biomarkers (CRP and Fibrinogen) in obese women5968232FAAliRavasiRahamanSouriMaryamSalehiJournal Article20120822The aim of this study, The comparison of effects Aerobic activity and Caloric restriction on cellular and vascular adhesion molecules in obese women. 40 sedentary Obese woman with mean ± SD age: 20/4±1/26 years, %BF: 26/6± 3/95 and BMI: 30/6±2/81 m/kg2 were selected and randomly allocated to EXP1 (Aerobic activity) , EXP2 (Caloric restriction) , EXP3 (concurrent intervention) and control groups. 8 week Training program in EXP1 included running on treadmill in 50-60 min, 5 day/week, EXP2 -- use a caloric restriction diet with equal energy to EXP1 and EXP3 use a diet and Aerobic activity with energy restriction equal EXP1. Data Analyzing show that weight, BMI and %BF in the experimental groups were significantly decrease. The most change seen in EXP1 equal 6/4%, 6/4%and 1/9% (p<0.05). Result show that the decreases of CRP in EXP1, EXP2 and EXP3 equal %56.6, %25.7 and %44.2. The decrease of CRP significant in EXP2 (Aerobic activity) and EXP3 (concurrent intervention)(p<0.01). Result show that the decreases of Fibrinogen levels in EXP1, EXP2 and EXP3 equal %7.8, %6.2 and %11.7. The decrease of Fibrinogen significant in EXP2 (Aerobic activity) and EXP3 (concurrent intervention)(p<0.01). A low correlation were seen between Baseline and changes CRP and Fibrinogen levels and %BF, weight (p>0.05).The aim of this study, The comparison of effects Aerobic activity and Caloric restriction on cellular and vascular adhesion molecules in obese women. 40 sedentary Obese woman with mean ± SD age: 20/4±1/26 years, %BF: 26/6± 3/95 and BMI: 30/6±2/81 m/kg2 were selected and randomly allocated to EXP1 (Aerobic activity) , EXP2 (Caloric restriction) , EXP3 (concurrent intervention) and control groups. 8 week Training program in EXP1 included running on treadmill in 50-60 min, 5 day/week, EXP2 -- use a caloric restriction diet with equal energy to EXP1 and EXP3 use a diet and Aerobic activity with energy restriction equal EXP1. Data Analyzing show that weight, BMI and %BF in the experimental groups were significantly decrease. The most change seen in EXP1 equal 6/4%, 6/4%and 1/9% (p<0.05). Result show that the decreases of CRP in EXP1, EXP2 and EXP3 equal %56.6, %25.7 and %44.2. The decrease of CRP significant in EXP2 (Aerobic activity) and EXP3 (concurrent intervention)(p<0.01). Result show that the decreases of Fibrinogen levels in EXP1, EXP2 and EXP3 equal %7.8, %6.2 and %11.7. The decrease of Fibrinogen significant in EXP2 (Aerobic activity) and EXP3 (concurrent intervention)(p<0.01). A low correlation were seen between Baseline and changes CRP and Fibrinogen levels and %BF, weight (p>0.05).https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_232_205035e89afca236c14225e11ba7f3df.pdfPayame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920The acute effect of two energy drinks on anaerobic power of female athlete studentThe acute effect of two energy drinks on anaerobic power of female athlete student6974233FAAbbasGaeiniSadeghSatarifardVajiheRezaeiJournal Article20120814Introduction: Sport drinks are used to improve exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of two energy drink on anaerobic power of female athlete students.
Materials and methods: In this double-blind study 12 female athlete students of university of Tehran (21.1 ± 0.75 years; 56.9 ± 5.9 kg; 167 ± 4.59 cm) participated voluntary during 4 sessions (without drink, placebo, Shark and Jeans energy drinks) in anaerobic RAST test. Maximum, minimum, mean anaerobic powers were calculated. The collected data were analyzed using Repeated Measure tests.
Results: There was no significant difference between maximum (<em>p </em>= 0.557), minimum (<em>p </em>= 0.132), mean (p=0.853) anaerobic power and fatigue index (p=0.13) during 4 stage of RAST test.
Conclusion: Based on the data obtained from current study, it seems that Shark and Jeans energy drinks could not improve the anaerobic powers decline of fatigue of female athletes during RAST test performance.Introduction: Sport drinks are used to improve exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of two energy drink on anaerobic power of female athlete students.
Materials and methods: In this double-blind study 12 female athlete students of university of Tehran (21.1 ± 0.75 years; 56.9 ± 5.9 kg; 167 ± 4.59 cm) participated voluntary during 4 sessions (without drink, placebo, Shark and Jeans energy drinks) in anaerobic RAST test. Maximum, minimum, mean anaerobic powers were calculated. The collected data were analyzed using Repeated Measure tests.
Results: There was no significant difference between maximum (<em>p </em>= 0.557), minimum (<em>p </em>= 0.132), mean (p=0.853) anaerobic power and fatigue index (p=0.13) during 4 stage of RAST test.
Conclusion: Based on the data obtained from current study, it seems that Shark and Jeans energy drinks could not improve the anaerobic powers decline of fatigue of female athletes during RAST test performance.https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_233_4191eda58705f69b940ceeedbfa3a125.pdfPayame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920Effect of resistance training on plasma myostatin level in overweight untrained menEffect of resistance training on plasma myostatin level in overweight untrained men7580234FAMohammadAsadJavadVakiliJournal Article20120520The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on the myostatin plasma level in untrained overweight men. This research was semi experimental. For this reason, 19 overweight untrained men voluntarily participated in this study and randomly were assigned to resistance training with mean of age 21±1/57 yr, height 171/11±5/51 cm, weight 92/22±15/85 kg and BF% 1/37±28/21 و35±2,2yr) or control with mean of age 21/44±1/13 yr, height 175/61±5/09 cm, weight 90/00±14/05 and BF% 2/68±27/15. The training protocol consisted, 3 sessions per week, 5 exercises, at 50-80% of 1RM for whole-body exercise for 8 weeks. Prior to study start time, and after 48 h of the last session, 5 ml plasma were collected from antecubital vein of subject..The results of independent t-test showed that there are significant decrease in plasma in experimental group (p=0/005). Therefore, it can be concludes that resistance training can prevent the loose of muscle mass and sarcopenia.The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on the myostatin plasma level in untrained overweight men. This research was semi experimental. For this reason, 19 overweight untrained men voluntarily participated in this study and randomly were assigned to resistance training with mean of age 21±1/57 yr, height 171/11±5/51 cm, weight 92/22±15/85 kg and BF% 1/37±28/21 و35±2,2yr) or control with mean of age 21/44±1/13 yr, height 175/61±5/09 cm, weight 90/00±14/05 and BF% 2/68±27/15. The training protocol consisted, 3 sessions per week, 5 exercises, at 50-80% of 1RM for whole-body exercise for 8 weeks. Prior to study start time, and after 48 h of the last session, 5 ml plasma were collected from antecubital vein of subject..The results of independent t-test showed that there are significant decrease in plasma in experimental group (p=0/005). Therefore, it can be concludes that resistance training can prevent the loose of muscle mass and sarcopenia.https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_234_ceb615b2ebed2997e1a19ec70c1eaf4d.pdfPayame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920Standardization BMI, WHR, WC and body fat percentage among women candidates physical education course in Payame Noor UniversityStandardization BMI, WHR, WC and body fat percentage among women candidates physical education course in Payame Noor University8194235FAAzarAghayariHabibHonari0000-0002-1279-427XMasumehBabaei MobarakehJournal Article20120731This thesis was carriedout to standardize the anthropometric indices including BMI, WHR, WC and body fat percentage among the women candides of entrance examination of Payam Noor university in body physical education course. The subjects were 1800 women candidates of entrance examination in bachelor<sup>٫</sup>s degree of physical education course that 664 of them were chosen randomly. Based on the results of this research, the subject’ norms were as follows.
BMI: 23/08±3/56 kg/m<sup>2 </sup>, WHR: 0/7±0/07, WC: 77/54±9/69 cm and body fat percentage : %32/87±7/12 . Data analysis showed that the norms of BMI, WHR, WC and body fat percentage in women candidates as the predictive indices when the obesity related diseases occur are similar to their other country forejen sample. This similarly may be due to the level of education, attention to body composition adequate physical activity and awareness of the dayers of inactivity and obesity. The comparison of the obtained results to common norms showed that the body fat percentage of the subjects were higher than the mean range and had no health problem. In BMI they were in an acceptable range and lower than the natural range. In WHR they were in a low danger range and no danger treathens them. Generally according to the results the subjects in the body composition and its norm had no special problem and hygiene related dangers doesn’t trearthen them.This thesis was carriedout to standardize the anthropometric indices including BMI, WHR, WC and body fat percentage among the women candides of entrance examination of Payam Noor university in body physical education course. The subjects were 1800 women candidates of entrance examination in bachelor<sup>٫</sup>s degree of physical education course that 664 of them were chosen randomly. Based on the results of this research, the subject’ norms were as follows.
BMI: 23/08±3/56 kg/m<sup>2 </sup>, WHR: 0/7±0/07, WC: 77/54±9/69 cm and body fat percentage : %32/87±7/12 . Data analysis showed that the norms of BMI, WHR, WC and body fat percentage in women candidates as the predictive indices when the obesity related diseases occur are similar to their other country forejen sample. This similarly may be due to the level of education, attention to body composition adequate physical activity and awareness of the dayers of inactivity and obesity. The comparison of the obtained results to common norms showed that the body fat percentage of the subjects were higher than the mean range and had no health problem. In BMI they were in an acceptable range and lower than the natural range. In WHR they were in a low danger range and no danger treathens them. Generally according to the results the subjects in the body composition and its norm had no special problem and hygiene related dangers doesn’t trearthen them.https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_235_520feb5fb20c6edd07226ba2acb327dc.pdfPayame Noor UniversityApplied Research of Sport Management2345-55511120120920The effect of resistance exercise on endothelin-1 conecntation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of older womenThe effect of resistance exercise on endothelin-1 conecntation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of older women95104236FAMohammadFaramarziAkbarAzamiyan JoziAhmadGhasemiyanJournal Article20120711Endothelin-1 is a strong vasoconstrictor that is secreted by endothelial cells and is identified as the strongest vascular constrictor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of resistance exercises on plasma endothelin-1 concentration and its relationship with the blood pressure of older women. For this reason, 20 postmenopausal women (mean age: 67.37±6.02 years, height: 153.02±8.12 cm, weight: 65.78±12.03 kg, BMI of 26.78±4.16 kg/m2) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups (n=10). The experimental group performed eight weeks of resistance training, three sessions per week with the intensity of 40 to 65% of one maximum repetition. Before and after eight weeks of exercise, the resting level of endothelin-1 concentration, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured. Within group and between group changes were assessed by paired sample t-test and independent t-test respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for investigating the relationship between endothelin-1 and blood pressure The results showed that resistance exercise has a significant effect on endothelin_1 plasma decrease of old women (p=0.007). Also, one period of resistance exercise has a significant effect on decreasing systolic (p=0.004) and diastolic (p=0.001) blood pressure of old women. There is a direct correlation between endothelin_1 and systolic blood pressure (p=0.542). However, there was no correlation between endothelin_1 and diastolic blood pressure (r=378).Overally, with respect to decrease in plasma endothelin_1 concentration and systolic and diastolic blood pressure after resistance exercise and the relationship of endothelin_1 with systolic blood pressure, it appears that resistance exercise training with this intensity and volume can have effect on decreasing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and also decreasing endothelin_1 concentration of plasma as a cardiovascular risk factor for hypertension of older women.Endothelin-1 is a strong vasoconstrictor that is secreted by endothelial cells and is identified as the strongest vascular constrictor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of resistance exercises on plasma endothelin-1 concentration and its relationship with the blood pressure of older women. For this reason, 20 postmenopausal women (mean age: 67.37±6.02 years, height: 153.02±8.12 cm, weight: 65.78±12.03 kg, BMI of 26.78±4.16 kg/m2) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups (n=10). The experimental group performed eight weeks of resistance training, three sessions per week with the intensity of 40 to 65% of one maximum repetition. Before and after eight weeks of exercise, the resting level of endothelin-1 concentration, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured. Within group and between group changes were assessed by paired sample t-test and independent t-test respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for investigating the relationship between endothelin-1 and blood pressure The results showed that resistance exercise has a significant effect on endothelin_1 plasma decrease of old women (p=0.007). Also, one period of resistance exercise has a significant effect on decreasing systolic (p=0.004) and diastolic (p=0.001) blood pressure of old women. There is a direct correlation between endothelin_1 and systolic blood pressure (p=0.542). However, there was no correlation between endothelin_1 and diastolic blood pressure (r=378).Overally, with respect to decrease in plasma endothelin_1 concentration and systolic and diastolic blood pressure after resistance exercise and the relationship of endothelin_1 with systolic blood pressure, it appears that resistance exercise training with this intensity and volume can have effect on decreasing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and also decreasing endothelin_1 concentration of plasma as a cardiovascular risk factor for hypertension of older women.https://arsmb.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_236_9fe3782da796a33fbd565c912c66620d.pdf