Identifying Effective Factors in Risk Management: the Case Study of Qatar 2022 World Cup

Introduction
Robust security and surveillance measures were implemented by the committees responsible for organizing major sporting events in order to effectively mitigate potential threats. However, these efforts had long-term negative consequences for civil rights and individual freedoms in the host countries (Van Blerk et al., 2019). Moreover, non-sport-related attacks have also left their mark on the sporting environment. The notion of risk was not confined to the duration of the event itself but extended well before its commencement, thereby affecting spectators, governing bodies, and athletes alike. While host nations must focus on delivering their best performance, the organizing teams are expected to work behind the scenes to ensure a safe and welcoming environment for all participants and guests.
Risks are potential positive or negative events that may affect the objectives of any project or initiative (Hillson, 2002). Therefore, it is essential to manage them by reducing the likelihood and impact of negative risks or threats, while simultaneously enhancing the probability and effects of positive risks or opportunities.
   Risk management is an iterative process and includes five key steps: identification, analysis, assessment, treatment, and monitoring and control (Wang et al., 2010). According to Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist (1943), security is one of the five basic human needs. It is also one of the main concerns of the organizing committees of major sporting events (MSE). Khalili et al. (2019), in their research, also identified security and protection as causal conditions for developing a performance evaluation framework for the Iranian Professional Football League organization.
   Limited access to the largest amount of information in the Qatar World Cup games may have affected the outcome of this research. The overall objective of this research is to discover to what extent athletes, NOCs and organizers are familiar with the concept of terrorism, what NOCs do for the safety of athletes, do they rely more on the organizing committee, are athletes prone to terrorism and what are the threats? Hence, the present research seeks to answer the question of what are the factors affecting risk management in the Qatar 2022 World Cup?
 
Mothodology
The aim of the current research was to identify the effective factors in risk management: the study of the Qatar World Cup. The research tool included semi-structured interviews with open questions in the context of the current research. In the present study, data was first collected through interviews and then analyzed.
 
Findings
Analysis of the main concepts that appeared for risk management of the Qatar World Cup in five main categories (structure of sports venues, human resources, management measures, cultural and social factors and factors) and 13 sub-categories (design of venues and equipment, safety of venues and equipment, health issues and medicine, security issues, hardware, manpower management, manpower training, institutionalization, management and planning, emergency management, legal and ethical requirements, economic risks and financial resources) have been identified.
 
Discussion and Conclusion
According to the results of the present research, it is necessary for the managers of sports events to pay much attention to economic and cultural factors and also put the security of sports events on their agenda so that by observing these things, the event can be held in a safe manner. to make sure and by means of it, they can take many events for their country and help the production cycle.