Designing a Performance Evaluation Model for Bodybuilding Clubs (Case Study: Hamedan Province)

EXTENDED A B S T R A C T



Introduction

Originations for monitoring and performance assessing procedure systems are methods that managers use to maintain or modify work patterns or organizational resources. The role of performance evaluation in developing organizational productivity and monitoring the use of organizational resources is crucial, and each organization should use an appropriate evaluation model to advance its goals and policies (1). The importance of performance evaluation and its scope in various fields are crucial topics of study. This issue is crucial at sports industry (2); rapid growth due to the increasing tendency and need of people to sports services has caused the sports industry to become a very large (3). On the other hand, performance evaluation is a crucial concept in the scope of modern management and it is a way to develop the quantity and quality of organizations and individuals over a given period and is known as an effective method for improving and evaluating performance by individuals (4). In today's context of sport development, has become an important means to promote health and development it in walks of life. Especially for sports clubs, with the continuous advancement of sport clues, their performance evaluation has not only brought higher operational efficiency to sport clubs but also promoted quality and quantity. Indeed, sports play a crucial role in the lives of many citizens. Sports clubs are a key venue for physical activity (5). Consequently, there are high expectations for what these sports clubs should offer. When successful, clubs provide health- increasing physical activity, foster recreation and social networking, and promote learning (5).

Bodybuilding clubs are one of the most important parts of sport that the increased availability of bodybuilding clubs has significantly contributed to this growth (6). In addition to sports clubs, the growing fitness part (mainly organized by commercial entities without public funding) is the most popular sports form of physical activity in many countries and among people (5). Bodybuilding clubs are one of the most popular physical activities due to their great popularity among different people in society. Consequently, it is essential to pay comprehensive attention to it and evaluate its performance as a fundamental and important factor. Therefore, performance evaluation of bodybuilding clubs for developing of them is necessary. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to designing a performance evaluation model for bodybuilding clubs (case study: Hamedan province).



Mothodology

Methodology was exploratory sequential mixed methods research. The statistical population in the qualitative part included sport and youth department personnel, Current and former members of the bodybuilding board, coach of bodybuilding clubs, and those knowledgeable about the subject who were selected according to purposive sampling until theoretical saturation (N=13), also, The statistical population of the quantitative stage consisted of all the coaches and bodybuilder in Hamedan province. The statistical sample of the quantitative stage consisted of 455 were selected by stratified sampling method. Data were gathered using deep interview and questionnaire that were confirmed validity and reliability. In the qualitative part, 63 codes were extracted by interviewing, by Lincoln and Guba (1985)(7) method confirmed validity and reliability that the questionnaire in accordance with 63 selected codes was extracted and arranged .To quantitatively examine content validity, two coefficients were used: content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). After reviewing the content of the questions and based on the results of the content validity index coefficient, 14 items were removed, as well as the location and capital components. Therefore, the final questionnaire include 49 questions. The reliability of the final questionnaires’ performance evaluation for bodybuilding clubs was measured and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was: α= 0.96. Thematic analysis method was used in the qualitative phase, in the quantitative phase data were analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages) and inferential statistics such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann–Whitney U. also, structural equation method via Smart-PLS3 was utilized for examining and designing a performance evaluation model for bodybuilding clubs. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and Smart PLS 3 software. Values were reported as mean± standard deviation (SD) and the alpha level was set at 0.05.

Fingdings

The result show that the number of athletes and coaches were 455 that the mean of their age were 34.45±10.51. The descriptive statistics show that 60.9% (n=277) of the participants were male and 39.1% (n=178) were female, also, 66.8% (n=304) were athletes and 33.2% (n=151) were bodybuilding coaches.

The mean of sports activity history of the athletes group were 8.37±7.77. In addition, the mean of sports coaching experience of the coaches group were 13.79±8.72.

The result show that, There were 52 (17.1%), 135 (44.4%), 89(29.3%), and 28 (9.2%) athletes in level of education diploma or lower, bachelor’s degree , master's degree, and PhD degree, respectively. also, There were 6 (4%), 56 (37.1), 61(40.4%), and 28 (18.5%) coaches in level of education diploma or lower, bachelor’s degree , master's degree, and PhD degree, respectively.





Figur1. Structural equation model of performance evaluation model for bodybuilding clubs (case study: Hamedan province) with standardized beta coefficients and t-value



The result of content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) show that 14 items from a 63-question questionnaire performance evaluation model for bodybuilding clubs of Hamedan province were removed. The results showed that the indicators effect coefficient for performance evaluation model for bodybuilding clubs ( with 49 items) were: 1) principle of hygiene and health (β=.90, T=92.77); 2), service, facilities and welfare facilities (β=.89, T=74.29); 3), respect of standards and variety of equipment, and quality of environment (β=.874, T=59.20); 4), security and safety (β=.873, T=69.26); 5), management, planning and coordination (β=.86, T=62.72); 6), social issue, compliance with the rules and instructions (β=.79, T=38.43); 7), sports achievements (β=.71, T=25.19); 8), human resource(β=.68, T=20.40); 9), marketing and advertisement (β=.61, T=16.09); respectively.

The result of evaluation of model fit indices including GOF, R2, Q2, CV-Com, and CV-Red showed that each fitting index meets the standard, indicating the model is fits well.

The result of Mann-Whitney U showed that there are not significant statistical differences between man and women, and coaches and athletes in the indicators 1), principle of hygiene and health 2), service, facilities and welfare facilities 3), respect of standards and variety of equipment, and quality of environment 4), security and safety 5), management, planning and coordination 6), social issue ,compliance with the rules and instructions 7), sport achievement 8), and human resource (p>0.05). The result of Mann-Whitney U showed that there is significant statistical differences between man and women, and coaches and athletes in the index marketing and advertisement (p<0.01).



Discussion and Conclusion

This study showed that nine factors were identified as performance evaluation criteria for bodybuilding clubs. Effect coefficient of indicators of the performance evaluation model for bodybuilding clubs were: 1) principle of hygiene and health ,2) service, facilities and welfare facilities ,3) respect of standards and variety of equipment, and quality of environment , 4) security and safety , 5) management, planning and coordination ,6) social issue , compliance with the rules and instructions ,7) sports achievements ,8) human resource ,9) marketing and advertisement respectively. The most important factor was principle of hygiene and health in bodybuilding clubs that the result of other study emphasis it (5) which is in line with the present research. Therefor the importance of principle of hygiene and health has been highlighted, necessitating more thorough it management to promotion athletes’ health. Hence, bodybuilding clubs should regularly employ professional services to principle of hygiene and health, and constantly monitor their bodybuilding clubs hygiene conditions.

In addition, the study showed that in all of factors identified in performance evaluation model for bodybuilding clubs (except for the marketing and advertising), there were not significant statistical differences between man and women, and coaches and athletes in the indexes. This issue must be the attention all of owners, managers, authorities of sport and youth headquarters, bodybuilding board, due to the fact that, the attitude of people (coaches and athletes) is the same about factors and indexes of bodybuilding club’s performance evaluation. Therefore, authorities pay attention to these indexes for increasing satisfaction and participation rate all of people (coaches and athletes) regardless of gender (except for the marketing and advertising).

Ultimately, managers, authorities of sport and youth headquarters, bodybuilding board as well as bodybuilding club owners can utilize indicators, concepts, and categories that were identified at this study for performance evaluation, developing, and increasing satisfaction of athletics, and bodybuilding coaches.



Reference

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