Factor Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of Bidding and Hosting International Mega Sporting Events in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Assistance Professor, Payame Noor University

Abstract

The purpose of research was factor analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of bidding and hosting international mega sporting events in Iran. The research was mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research was 230 persons including sport management faculty members, managers and experts of sport organizational who were familiar with hosting sporting events. 25 managers and elite sport experts who were familiar with hosting mega sporting events were chosen purposely to qualitative samples. And based on Morgan table 141 persons were randomly chosen to quantitative sample. To achieve the research objectives, the list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of bidding and hosting mega sporting events in Iran were provided, and the final list was completed in 3 phases with Delphi method and with experts’ opinion. Then the self-made questioner with 61 questions was distributed among quantitative samples. Validity of the questionnaire15 was confirmed by 20 experts and the reliability was studied 30in ina pilot study with 30 subjects and calculated as 0.78     respectively. For data analysis the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods, including Kolmogorov- Smirnov, confirmed factor analysis by application of Lisrel software and SPSS software  were used. And a Delphi method was used for qualitative section. Research findings.یافتهRes showed that there are 7 strengths, 21 weaknesses, 9 opportunities, and 9 threats for bidding and hosting international mega sporting events in Iran.

Keywords

References

Baade,R. and Matheson,V.(2006), “Padding Required : Assessing the Economic Impact of the Super Bowl,” European sports Management Quarterly,6,no.4 (December 2006).p.p.45-50.
- Chen, N.(2008), “What economic effect do mega-events have on host cities and their surroundings? An investigation into the literature surrounding mega-events and the impacts felt by holders of the tournaments”. Masters Dissertation in Finance and Investment, University of Nottingham, UK.p.p.15-30.
- Diaey ,T,Jerome,J.,Tjusevs,P.,Zamboni G.(2011), “Bidding : how can you win even if you lose ?: identifying  the legacies of lost bids to host a sports mega event”.FIFA master book.www.fifa.com/about fifa/ football development.p.p.57-69.
- Dolles,H.& Soderman,S.(2008), "Mega-sporting Events in Asia-Impacts on society,Business and Management:An Introduction" Asian Business and Management , Volume 7, palgrave Macmillan.p.p.119-135.
 - Gabriel Silvestre (2009). “The Social Impacts of Mega-Events”: Towards a Framework, Esporte e Sociedade, 4(10): 1-26.
- Getz,D.(1997), event management and event tourism forcasting council , tourism forcasting council , februbery,pp.115-201.
- Horne, J. (2007), “The four ‘Knowns’ of sports mega-events”, Leisure Studies, Vol. 26 No. 1,pp. 81-96.
- Hotchkiss,J Robert E.M. and Stephanie M.Z.(2003), “Impact of the 1996 Summer Olympic Games on Employment and Wages in Georgia” Southern Economic Journal,69,no,:691-704.
- Humphreys,J.(1994), “The Economic Impact of Hosting Super Bowl XXVIII on Georgia”,Georgia Business and Economic Conditions,54,no.3. pp. 327-336.
- Jones, C. (2001), “Mega-events and host-region impacts: determining the true worth of the 1999 Rugby World Cup”, International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 241-51.
- Kostas, K. and Kaplanidou , K. (2010) , “Event leveraging of mega sport events : a SWOT analysis approach” , International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 1 No.3, 2010 pp. 170-185.
- Leo Jago, Larry Dwyer, Geoffrey Lipman, Daneel van Lill, Shaun Vorster, (2010), “Optimising the potential of mega-events: an overview”, International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 1 Iss: 3 pp. 220 – 237.
- Malfas, M., Theodoraki, E., and Houlihan, B. (2004). Impacts of the Olympic Games as mega-events, Municipal Engineer, 150(3): 209–220.
- Ruta,D.(2011), “Legacy of events”,presentation . Milan : SDA Bocconi.
- Whitson, D. and Horne, J. (2006), “Underestimated costs and overestimated benefits? Comparing the outcomes of sports mega-events in Canada and Japan”, Sociological Review, Vol. 54 No. 2, pp. 71-89.
Applied Research in Sport Management
Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 13
September 2015
Pages 11-24

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 07 April 2014
  • Revise Date: 08 May 2014
  • Accept Date: 23 June 2014

Share

How to cite

Statistics