Designing the model role Social exchange on decision-making of AFC elite football and futsal referees

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor Department of Sport Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor Department of Sport Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

3 . Associate Professor in Sport Management, Payam Noor University.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to Designing the model role Social exchange on decision-making of AFC elite football and futsal referees. The statistical population of this study included elite football referees and Asian futsal men in two sections of men and women who were in the 2017 Elite list of Asian referees. With regard to the limited population of the population, sampling was a total of 292 individuals in the study. The research method is descriptive and is a type of structural equation that has been implemented as a field. To collect data, social researcher-made social exchange and decision-making questionnaires were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive indices, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used. The results showed that organizational support and social support have a positive and significant effect on judges' decision. On the other hand, social exchanges have a positive and significant impact on individual decision making and organizational decision making. Also, the path analysis method of social exchange with a positive and significant decision (T-value = 6.34 = PC = 0.51).

Keywords

References

- Alan, N., Tom, W., & Adam, W. (2013). "Improved training of football referees and the decline in home advantage post-WW2". Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14, 220-227.
- Alonso, S., Cabrerizo, F. J., Chiclana, F., Herrera, F., & Herrera-Viedma, E. (2009). "Group decision making with incomplete fuzzy linguistic preference relations". International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 24, 201–222.
- Anderson, K. J., & Pierce, D. A. (2009). "Officiating bias: the effect of foul differential on foul calls in NCAA basketball". Journal of Sports Science. 27, 687–694.
- Andre, P., Georg, W., Alpers, Andrea NN., & Michelle GC. (2015). "Avoidant decision-making in social anxiety disorder: A laboratory task linked to in vivo anxiety and treatment outcome". Behaviour Research and Therapy, 73, 96-103.
- Anthony, Costa., Norman, Elliott., Liam, Jackson. (2014). "Bayesian networks for unbiased assessment of referee bias in association Football". Psychology of sport and exercise, 15(5), 538-547.
- Ashley, M., Geigera, NJ., Sabika, B., Sarah, B., Lupisa, KM., Renec, J., & Wolf, M. (2014)."Perceived appearance judgments moderate thebiological stresseffects of social exchanges". Biological Psychology 103, 297–304.
-Cevat, C., & Ozge, EY. (2012). "The relationship among organizational trust, multidimensional organizational commitment and perceived organizational support in educational organizations". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46, 5763–5776.
- David, J., Hancock, DM., & Ste, M. (2013). "Gaze behaviors and decision making accuracy of higher- and lower-level ice hockey referees". Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14, 66-71.
- Dohmen, T. J. (2008). "The influence of social forces: evidence from the behavior of footballreferees". Economic Inquiry, 46(3), 411-424.
 - Dohmen, Thomas J. (2005). "Social Pressure Influences Decisions of Individuals: Evidence from the Behavior of Football Referees". IZA Discussion Paper No. 1595. Available at SSRN:http://ssrn.com/abstract=725541.
- Félix, G., & Deborah, LF. (2011). "A conceptual model of referee efficacy. Front. Psychol"., 18 February 2011 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00025, P:152
 
Henning, P., Geoffrey, S.R., & DavidO, H. (2009)."A multiple-cue learning approach as the basis for understanding and improving soccer referees’ decision making". Progress in BrainResearch, Vol.174, 151- 158.
- Javier, M., Pablo, GF., Daniel, J., Enrique, N., &, L. (2012). "Effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches".Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(13): 1437–1445.
 - Jessica R. Carre, Daniel N. Jones. (2016). "The impact of social support and coercion salience on Dark Triad decision making". Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 92–95.
- Lane. A. M., Nevil, A., Ahmad, N., & Balmer, N. (2006). "Soccer referee decision – making: Shall I Blow the whistle?" Journal of sport Sciences and Medicine, (5)2, 243- 253.
- Lee, Y.-K., Kim, Y., Lee, K.H., & Li, D. (2012). "The impact of CSR on relationship qualityand relationship outcomes: a perspective of service employees". International Journal Hospital Managemant. 31(3), 745–756.
- Lidbom, P., & Priks, M. (2010). "Behavior under social pressure: Empty Italian stadiums and referee bias". Economics Letters, 108: 212–4.
- Lorains, M., Ball, K., & MacMahon, C. (2013). "Performance analysis for decisionmaking in team sports". International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13, 110-119.
- MacMahon, C., Helsen, W. F., Starkes, J. L., and Weston, M. (2007). "Decision-making skills and deliberate practice in elite associationfootball referees". Journal of Sports Science. 25, 65–78.
- Mascarenhas,D.R.D., O’Hare,D., & Plessner, H. (2006). "The psychological and performance demands of association football refereeing". International Journal of Sport Psychol- ogy, 37, 99–120.
- Megan, L., Kevin, B., & Clare, M. (2013). "An above real time training intervention for sport decision making". Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14, 670-674.
- Merigó, J. M., & Gil-Lafuente, A. M. (2010). "New decision making techniques and their application in the selection of financial products". Information Sciences, 180, 2085– 2094.
- Mesut, Y., Umut, H., & Inanb, Alpaslan F. (2008). "Fair referee assignments for professional football leagues". Computers & Operations Research 35, 2937 – 2951.
- Mirdar, S., Gharakhanlo, R., & Mabhot, T. (2010). A Study of the Work Rate and Some Physiological Indicators of Iranian Football Elite Referees, Journal od olympic, 51, 69-79.
- Olga, E., & Robin, M. (2013). "Transformational– transactional leadership and upward influence:
The role of Relative Leader–Member Exchanges (RLMX) and Perceived Organizational Support (POS)". The Leadership Quarterly 24, 299–315.
- Peter, C., Bart, G., Johan, W., & Werner, H. (2010). "Offside decision making of assistant referees in the English Premier League: Impact of physical and perceptual-cognitive factors on match performance". Journal of Sports Sciences, 28:5, 471-481.
- Peter, D., & Stephen, D. (2010). "The influence of social pressure and nationality on individual
decisions: Evidence from the behaviour of referees". Journal of Economic Psychology 31,181–191.
- Peterson, A. (2015). "Organizational support and job satisfaction of frontline clinical managers: The mediating role of work engagement. Graduate program in nursing, a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Master of Science", The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
- Pittig, A., Brand, M., Pawlikowski, M., & Alpers, G. W. (2014). "The cost of fear: avoidant decision making in a spider gambling task". Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 326-334.
- Solomon, A., Paik, A., Phan, T., & Alhauli, A. (2011). "A decision support system for the professional soccer referee in time-sensitive operation"s [online]. Available: http:// catsr.ite.gmu. edu/ SYST490/DSTSO_IEEE_SIEDS.pdf, P:202.
- Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2009). "Imbalance of approach and avoidance: the yin and yang of anxiety disorders". Biological Psychiatry, 66, 1072-1074.
- Yong-Ki, L., YongSook, N., Juwon, C., Sally, K., Sangho, H., & Jae-Han, L. (2016). "Why does franchisor social responsibility really matter?". International Journal of Hospitality
Management, 53, 49–58.
- Yusuf Can, Mehmet Bayansalduz, Fikret Soyerb, Serkan Pacali. (2014). "Turkish adaptation of soccer referee decision satisfaction scale (SRDSS)". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 756 – 760.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 06 March 2019
  • Revise Date: 02 December 2019
  • Accept Date: 05 May 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics