In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Scientific Association of Sports Management of Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD.Student, Department of Physical Education,Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Department. Sari Branch. Islamic Azad University, Sari Iran.

3 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, oloum tahghighat Branch. Tehran, iran.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting financial corruption in the sports industry. From the paradigm perspective, the present research is a type of commentary research, qualitative approach, grounded theory strategy and hidden content analysis tactics. data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 experts and executives of the Ministry of Sport, the professors of the judiciary, and the experts in the field of sport management. The sampling method was non-probable and snowballed and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation of the research questions and objectives was achieved. The data are in both format of audio and text, and were analyzed by MAXQDA18 software. After processing and open coding of the interviews, the researcher identified the factors in terms of causal, contextual, and confounding conditions. Categories of "managerial, legal and nature of sport" as categories of causal conditions, and "performance of politics, government, and structure" as the contextual conditions, and categories of "rent, brokerage, lobbying, media and motivational factors" as confounding conditions.They are the factors that influence corruption financial in the sports industry in Iran. Based on these results, to provide the financial corruption in these organizations, is suggested that sport managers and responsible to do best by modifying and enhancing the management status, formulating scientific and principled programs, making the best decisions for the country sport with help of experts, and improving the quality of the their management of resources.

Keywords

  • Arnegger, J., & Herz, M. (2016). “Economic and destination image impacts of megaevents in emerging tourist destinations”. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(2), 76e85.
  • Balsdon, E., Fong, L., & Thayer, M. A. (2007). “Corruption in college basketball? Evidence of tanking in postseason conference tournaments”. Journal of Sports economics, 8(1), 19
  • Bosco, B. (2016). “Old and new factors affecting corruption in Europe: Evidence from panel data”. Economic Analysis and Policy, 51, 66-85.
  • Brewer, G. A., Choi, Y., & Walker, R. M. (2007). “Accountability, corruption and government effectiveness in Asia: an exploration of World Bank governance indicators”. International Public Management Review, 8(2), 204-225.
  • Brooks, G., Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2012). “Match-Fixing in Korean Football”. International Journal of Contents, 8(2), 82-88.
  • Buraimo, B., Migali, G., & Simmons, R. (2016). “An analysis of consumer response to corruption: Italy's calciopoli scandal”. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 78(1), 22e41. [Persian].
  • Carson, L.D., & Prado, M. M. (2016). “Using institutional multiplicity to address corruption as a collective action problem: Lessons from the Brazilian case”. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 62, 56-65.
  • Choi, E., & Woo, J. (2016). “The origins of political trust in East Asian Democracies: Psychological, cultural, and institutional arguments”. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 17(3), 410e426.
  • Coakley, J., & Souza, D. L. (2013). “Sport mega-events: Can legacies and development be equitable and sustainable”? Motriz: Revista de Educaç~ao Física, 19(3), 580e589.
  • d'Agostino, G., Dunne, J.P., & Pieroni, L. (2016). “Government spending, corruption and economic growth”. World Development, 84, 190-205.
  • elahi, A., Sajjadi, N., Khabiri, M., Abrishami, H. (2009). “Barriers to the Development of Revenues from Sponsorship in Iran Football Industry”. Journal of Sport Management, 1(1), 189-202. [Persian].
  • Farrokh Seresht, Behzad (2004), “Investigating the effective factors in the incidence of corruption in order to provide a model to reduce its effects on the development process of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, Journal of Management Knowledge, Volume 17, Number 4, Page 8465. [Persian].
  • Forster, J. (2016). “Global sports governance and corruption. Palgrave Communications”, 2, 15048. https://doi.org/10.1057/palcomms.2015.48.
  • Gholipour, Rahmatullah; Nikraftar, Tayebeh (2006). “Corruption and Appropriate Strategies to Fight It”. Parliamentary Magazine and Strategy. No. 53 p: 54 33. [Persian].
  • Giurian, Hassan (2012). “The Role of Mass Media in Controlling Corruption”, Journal of Media Studies, Volume 7, Number 1712), pp. 148-141.[Persian].
  • Goodarzi, Mahmoud, Ghorbani, Mohammad Hossein, pourSoltani Zandi, Hossein, Safari, Hamidreza (2011). “Study of factors affecting the occurrence and growth of perceived corruption and its control methods in sports organizations in Iran”, Research in Sports Science, No. 10, p: 56 39. [Persian].
  • Grimmelikhuijsen, S., & Meijer, A. J. (2014). “Effects of transparency on the perceived trustworthiness of a government organization: Evidence from an online experiment”. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24(1), 137e157.
  • Grimmelikhuijsen, S., Porumbescu, G., Hong, B., & Im, T. (2013). “The effect of transparency on trust in government: A cross-national comparative experiment”. Public Administration Review, 73(4), 575e586.
  • Hassani, Ali, Shams, Abdul Hamid (2012). “Strategies for Combating Corruption Based on Islamic Values”. Journal of Islamic Research and Management Research, Second Year, No. 1, pp. 104: 81.
  • Henne, K. (2015). “Reforming global sport: Hybridity and the challenges of pursuing transparency”. Law and Policy, 37(4), 324e349.
  • Jennings, A. (2011). “Investigating corruption in corporate sport: The 10C and FIFA”. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 1012690211408845.387 398
  • Kulczycki, W., & Koenigstorfer, J. (2016). “Why sponsors should worry about corruption as a mega sport event syndrome”. European Sport Management Quarterly, 16(5), 545e574.
  • Maennig, W. (2005). “Corruption in international sports and sport management: forms, tendencies, extent and countermeasures”. European Sport Management Quarterly, 5(2), 187-225.
  • Mahmoudi, Ahmad (2017), “Codification of Incidence and Prevention of Corruption Factors in Iranian Football Industry with the Approach of Data Foundation Theory, Ph.D. Thesis in Sports Management and Planning”, Allameh Tabatabai University, Faculty of Physical Education. [Persian].
  • Mason, D. S., Thibault, L., & Misener, L. (2006). “An agency theory perspective on corruption in sport: The case of the International Olympic Committee”. Journal of Sport Management, 20(1), 52-73.
  • Masters, A. (2015). Corruption in sport: “From the playing field to the field of policy”. Policy and Society, 34(2), 111-123.
  • McKelvey, S., & Moorman, A. M. (2007). “Bush-Whacked: A Legal Analysis of the Unauthorized Use of Sport Organizations' Intellectual Property in Political Campaign Advertising”. Journal of Sport Management, 21(1), 79-102.
  • Müller, M. (2015a). “What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes”. Leisure Studies, 34(6), 627e642.
  • Müller, M. (2015b). “The mega-event syndrome: Why so much goes wrong in megaevent planning and what to do about it”. Journal of the American Planning Association, 81(1), 6e17.
  • najafikolori, M., goodarzi, M., farahani, A., esmaeli bidhendi, H. (2012). “Effective Factors of Corruption in Sport Organizations (Case Study : Football Federation of I.R Iran)”. Journal of Sport Management, 4(14), 109-122. doi: 10.22059/jsm.2012.28907. [Persian].
  • Nassif, N. (2014). “Corruption in Sport”. Middle East Law and Governance, 6(2), 123-140.
  • Nunkoo, R., Ribeiro, M. A., Sunnassee, V., & Gursoy, D. (2018). “Public trust in mega event planning institutions: The role of knowledge, transparency and corruption”. Tourism Management66, 155-166.
  • Papyrakis, E., Rieger, M., & Gilberthorpe, E. (2017). “Corruption and the extractive industries transparency initiative”. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(2), 295e309.
  • Paradiso, E. (2010). “Corruption and politics in Argentine soccer. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts”. Nova Scotia: Dalhousie University.PP:4-16.
  • Pellegata, A., & Memoli, V. (2016). “Can corruption erode confidence in political institutions among European countries? Comparing the effects of different measures of perceived corruption”. Social Indicators Research, 128(1), 391e412.
  • Pillay, S. (2004). “Corruption-the challenge to good governance: a South African perspective”. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 17(71, 586-605.
  • Potwarka, L. R., & Banyai, M. (2016). “Autonomous agents and destination image formation of an olympic host City: The case of sochi 2014”. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 25(2), 238e258.
  • Roche, M. (2000). “Mega events and modernity”. London: Routledge.
  • Safari Jafarloo, H. Goodarzi, M.; Sajjadi, S.N.; Ghorbani, M. H. Darabi, H. a. (2008). “Determining the Factors Affecting the Incidence of Corruption and Its Control Methods in the Physical Education Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Perspective of Experts”, Journal of Research in Sports Sciences, 25 (Winter), p: 4 1. [Persian].
  • Sandholtz,W., & Koetzle,W. (2000). “Accounting for corruption: Economic structure, democracy, and trade”. International Studies Quarterly, 44(1), 31e50.
  • Seldadyo, H., & de Haan, J. (2006). “The determinants of corruption: A literature survey and new evidence”. Paper prepared for the 2006 EPCS Conference, Turku, Finland, 20-23, April 2006.
  • Seligson, M. A. (2002). “The impact of corruption on regime legitimacy: A comparative study of four Latin american countries”. The Journal of Politics, 64(2), 408e433.
  • Torcal, M. (2014). “The decline of political trust in Spain and Portugal: Economic performance or political responsiveness”? American Behavioral Scientist, 58(12), 1542e1567.
  • Weitz-Shapiro, R., & Winters, W. S. (2017). “Can citizens discern? Information credibility, political sophistication, and the punishment of corruption in Brazil”. The Journal of Politics, 79(1), 60e74.
  • Nogara, M. (2009). “Role of Media in Curbing Corruption: The Case of Uganda under President Yoweri K. Museveni during the No-Party System”. Economic & Social Affairs, DESA Working Paper, No. 72. PP:1-32.
  • Williams, B., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010). “Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices”. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 8(3).