Parastoo Zarki; Esmaeil Sarifiyan; Kurush Ghareman tabrizi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 11-30
Abstract
The purpose of this study was Content analysis of online and high circulation newspapers with emphasison the coverage of Sports Development Master Plan document components. The research method wasanalytical- descriptive that performed with Content analysis. . The statistic population was 10 highcirculation ...
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The purpose of this study was Content analysis of online and high circulation newspapers with emphasison the coverage of Sports Development Master Plan document components. The research method wasanalytical- descriptive that performed with Content analysis. . The statistic population was 10 highcirculation national newspaper online archives in the 2012. Data collection performed with Reliable cheeklist, For Data analysis used descriptive statistics method and chi Square test by of SPSS 20 software.Results showed that in 720 newspapers studied in this article, 82/7% had one page and less than one pagesports content and 17/3% more than one page. 48% news relating to professional sports, 40%Championship sport ,4% sport for the disabled, 3% women sport, 1%sport for all and 1% educationalsport. As well as the chi-square test results for categories, components and sex showed a significantdifference (P≤ 0/001). Therefore national newspapers should be aware of the important role of sport insociety. They must use their special position to motivate people to take part in total sport areas and help tocountry sport development.
masoud Naderian; somayeh Rahbari; Mahsa Ghorbani
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 31-42
Abstract
The purpose of this research was a Comparative Study of how to finance the professional football clubs inIran and England's premier leagues. That was an applied research and implemented in descriptive &analytical method. Data collection was done through investigating of documents and also with use ...
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The purpose of this research was a Comparative Study of how to finance the professional football clubs inIran and England's premier leagues. That was an applied research and implemented in descriptive &analytical method. Data collection was done through investigating of documents and also with use ofResearcher made questionnaire. Face and content validity of the questionnaire has been studied byprofessionals and financial experts’ opinion and Construct validity was confirmed using exploratory factoranalysis. Validity of the questionnaire has been obtained through Cronbach's alpha (α=0/89). Thestatistical population includes Statistical research community, all football clubs in Iran's Premier Leagueand England that were selected available three clubs from England and five clubs from Iran as samples.Result showed there was a significant difference between methods of financing English & Iranianprofessional football clubs. Most of Iranian clubs funding by government and industry-based (65%) whilemost of English clubs are private and funding by television broadcasting rights(31%),matchdayincome(21%) and Cash flow from business(22%). Some major barriers to financing Iran professionalfootball league clubs are as follows the state-run clubs, Lack of financial transparency, IRIB rejection topay the media broadcasting right to the clubs, Failure to comply with copyright law in Iran, Footballcompetition schedules, club marketing management, lack of awareness of club manager from newmethods of financing, Limited use of creative directors with financial and business expertise in differentlevels of football industry.
Smira Aliabadi; Shima Hessami
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 43-50
Abstract
This study aims to investigate feasibility of ecotourism and sports tourism in Kurdistan. The material ofthis study is a descriptive survey and based on objective is of applicable. The research populationcomprising: sport expert agencies and cultural heritage and tourism office of Kurdistan, that 48 ...
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This study aims to investigate feasibility of ecotourism and sports tourism in Kurdistan. The material ofthis study is a descriptive survey and based on objective is of applicable. The research populationcomprising: sport expert agencies and cultural heritage and tourism office of Kurdistan, that 48 subjectsworked with researchers. The assessment tool is a questionnaire. The reliability coefficient ofquestionnaire is obtained 0.87 that is desired and acceptable. The result of study show that Nesar’smountains protected area of Bijar, Qezel- uzan river, Ghamchaghi castle(Salavat Abad village).arerespectively priority of Bijar’s ecotourism, and Zariwar lake, Awraman village, the forests of Marivan,Piazhe’s mountains and Mianeh are respectively priority of Marivan’s ecotourism, the result of the factoranalysis show that Zariwar lake in Marivan and Nesar mountains and protected areas of Bijar have thehighest power in sport tourism ,that were identified by the order of load factor with power ofBoating(0.89), ski(0.84),water skiing(0.81),walking to the mountain(0.701)and hiking(0.78). AccordingTo results of this study, we suggest that with investment in making the sport‘s places with a fullcomplement of safety, especially equipped the installations and holding of National and internationalsports competitions in ski , walking to the mountain, hiking, water skiing and boating can be effective stepto attract tourists to this area.
Abolfazl Farahani; Hamid Ghasemi; Habib Honari; Mohammad Rasoul Khodadadi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 51-64
Abstract
This research aims to validate and factor analysis of Fan Based Brand Equity (FBBE) questionnaire offootball in Iranian super league clubs that was descriptive-analysis and done through survey method. Thestatistic society was football club fans of 13thfootball super league and sample society was 880 ...
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This research aims to validate and factor analysis of Fan Based Brand Equity (FBBE) questionnaire offootball in Iranian super league clubs that was descriptive-analysis and done through survey method. Thestatistic society was football club fans of 13thfootball super league and sample society was 880 of chosenseven clubs using Qucran sampling method done by available sample using random category andclustering methods. The instrument was author made questionnaire of FBBE. Total reliability was(CVI=0.91) and validity was surveyed in 2 pilot methods of test-retest (ICC= 0.89) and Chronbach thatshowed upper than 0.8 for 52 questions and lower for 2 ones, that were eliminated from questionnairefinally. Firstly, data were analyzed for descriptive of mean, Std. frequencies, percentiles and charts, then,descriptive statistical were evaluated for all variables. Using KS showed that distribution was normal, andAmos were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that collected dataare in line with research theory model with amounts of 20.86 for Chi-Square and 0.066 for significant thatis more than 0.05. (GFI) is 0.984 that is a desirable amount for Model fitting. (RMSEA) is 0.064 andconsidering that the amount is less than 0.07 it can be rule to acceptance of research model. (TLI) index is0.968, (CFI) index is 0.989 and (PNFI) is 0529 that all are showing desired fitting and acceptance ofresearch model. The results of Regression estimation show that traits and brand association benefits factorshave no relation on loyalty of Iranian super league fans. Brand association attitudes and brandidentification factors have direct and significant relation with loyalty to brand in Iranian super league fans.
Samira Fazi; Seyed Mohammad Hosein Razavi; Amir Montazeri
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 65-76
Abstract
This study aims to determine the factors affecting the social capital of employees in the sportorganization. The method applied in this research was descriptive – correlation. The statisticalpopulation consisted of employees in general office of sport and youth of Khorasan Razavi Province.Based ...
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This study aims to determine the factors affecting the social capital of employees in the sportorganization. The method applied in this research was descriptive – correlation. The statisticalpopulation consisted of employees in general office of sport and youth of Khorasan Razavi Province.Based on Morgan and Krejcie’s sample size table, 86 employees as the sample population wereconsidered (n=86). The research Instrument was the “social capital questionnaire” (Akbari, 2012)comprised 26 items with 7 factors. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed byexpert university panel. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnairesin pilot study. The reliability of questionnaire was 0.87. The result of structural equation modelinganalysis showed that factors of empowerment and education, identity, co-ownership and teamwork,commitment, trust, information and knowledge, help and assistance had the highest impact in the form ofsocial capital respectively (χ2[14]=36.741,Porganizations to maintain and promotion its position in society, can Invest in the factors obtained in thisstudy in order to provide the social capital.
Hasan Pour soltani zarandi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 77-84
Abstract
This study aims to determine questionnaire validity and reliability of customer loyalty in sport. Thestatistical population of this study was the pools and private clients in Mashhad unlimited numberformed. Using a sample of 382 persons was determined through Cochran formula and were selectedrandomly. ...
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This study aims to determine questionnaire validity and reliability of customer loyalty in sport. Thestatistical population of this study was the pools and private clients in Mashhad unlimited numberformed. Using a sample of 382 persons was determined through Cochran formula and were selectedrandomly. Measurement Instrument was a questionnaire of 8 questions of customer loyalty Lee (2008)included 2 subscales (behavioral and attitude). Methods of structural equation has been implemented inthe field. Validity of questionnaire was accepted after translating by professors of sport management andspecialists. Statistical methods were descriptional indexes for describing data, Cronbach`s alpha fordetermining validity, analysis of an accepting factor to determine the validity. Analytical results showed(α =0.86) reliability for loyalty questionnaire. All factors had a significant relationship with conceptloyalty in reliability of Structure, the amount of relationship and T-value. X2/df=2.85, RMSEA=0.096indexes and NFI=0.93, NNFI=0.94, CFI=0.96, IFI=0.96, RFI=0.90 and GFI=0.94 also confirmedappropriateness of models. Also, the results about the relationships of factors with the meaning of loyaltyshowed that all factors could be a good predictor for the concept of loyalty, finally internal and externalvalidity of customer loyalty model was accepted.
Morteza Rezaei Soufi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 85-94
Abstract
This study concerns the relationship between organizational culture and creativity as well as productivityamong Payame Noor university physical education faculty members. Accordingly, a co-relational-descriptivemethod has been employed for this study. The population of the study comprises 87 Payame Noor ...
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This study concerns the relationship between organizational culture and creativity as well as productivityamong Payame Noor university physical education faculty members. Accordingly, a co-relational-descriptivemethod has been employed for this study. The population of the study comprises 87 Payame Noor universityphysical education faculty members selected by total inclusion of the population. The data were collected bysome standard questionnaires such as Robin’s organizational culture questionnaire (1996), Rendsip’s creativityquestionnaire (1979) and Echio’s productivity questionnaire (1980). Moreover, the content validity of the givenquestionnaires was determined by an expert panel. Besides, the normality of the data distribution was attestedby Kolmograph-Smirnov test not to mention the correlation between variables has been verified by Pearsoncorrelation co-efficient. The results of the study revealed that organizational culture such as organizationalidentity, considering controversies, management support, organizational consistency, taking risks, clear goals,bonus system had a significant correlation with the creativity of PNU faculty members, whereas, organizationalidentity, individual creativity and control did not have a significant correlation with the creativity of thementioned members. Furthermore, it has been found that some factors of organizational culture such asorganizational relationships, bonus system, organizational consistency, control and individual creativity had asignificant correlation with the productivity of PNU faculty members, however, factors such as consideringcontroversies, organizational identity, clear goals, taking risks and management support did not confirm asignificant correlation with the productivity of PNU faculty members.
Eskandar Hoseinpour; Mir Mohammad Kashef; Mohsen Vahdani; Yousef Mogashti Joni
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 95-104
Abstract
This study intends to investigate the Performance of Sabah project on Training of swimming skills to students.It also tries among study the difficulties of its better application from the point of trainers and experts view. Thestudy included two sections: one is quasi- experimental and the other is descriptive. ...
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This study intends to investigate the Performance of Sabah project on Training of swimming skills to students.It also tries among study the difficulties of its better application from the point of trainers and experts view. Thestudy included two sections: one is quasi- experimental and the other is descriptive. In quasi- experimentalsection, a sample of 30 students within age range of 8.34±5.98 and BMI of 23.98±2.05 are randomly selectedand tested in a pre-test and post-test order. In the descriptive section the population included all the trainers andexperts of the project in education and schooling offices in Orumieh (N=43). The instrument used in thissection was a researcher made questionnaire including 4 sections of facilities, environment, management andprogramming, those related to the trainers and problems related to the students. Face validity and contentvalidity of the questionnaire were confirmed by the experienced professors in the field of physical Training. ItsConstruct validity was also confirmed through use of factor analysis (p=0.00, df=43, AGFI= 0.91). Thereliability of the test was 0.85. The tests used for data analysis as follows: Friedman, U Mann Whitney andWilcoxon. Results showed that in all of the swimming skills there is a meaningful difference between pre-testand post-test. regarding the difficulties, the analysis showed that problems are mostly related to facilities,trainers, management and programming and students, respectively. The findings of the study show that theproject has been successful but it surely is far away from the defined goals. By providing appropriate facilitiesand with a good programming and management, we can pave the way for a better Training and learning.
Sanaz Saeb Fotoheieh; Farzad Ghafouri; Kambiz Abdi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 105-116
Abstract
The aim of this study was an analytical study on pro/anti-social behaviors of athletes of individualand team sports during their leisure time. This study is an applied and descriptive survey study thatis conducted in the field. The population of the study consisted of 340 national team athletes in 23team ...
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The aim of this study was an analytical study on pro/anti-social behaviors of athletes of individualand team sports during their leisure time. This study is an applied and descriptive survey study thatis conducted in the field. The population of the study consisted of 340 national team athletes in 23team and individual sports. The sample consisted of 181 subjects were randomly selectedaccording to Morgan table. The instrument of study was a Researchers developed questionnaire haswhich been arranged based on the Republic Islamic of Iran police force. Content validity wasreported 0/84 using Lavish model (1975 ) by a group of experts. In order to assess the reliability ofthe questionnaire, test - retest and internal reliability was used that values of 0/91 and 0/87 wererespectively reported. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data.Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Levine's test, ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, Fisher's Exact test andt-test were used to analyze the data. The most important results of this study was significantdifferences between the sports type and anti-social behavior of team sports athletes in leisure timeand between team and individual sports athletes in antisocial activities.
Gholamreza Shabani bahar; Nasrallah Erfani; Mahmoud Goodarzi; Ali Monsef
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, Pages 117-131
Abstract
This research aims to explain Indicators that have influence on success of sports teams ininternational events. Statically society was coaches, athletes and executive directors for individualsports federations (which randomly selected four-Federations: wrestling, Lifting, Track and field,Taekwondo) and ...
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This research aims to explain Indicators that have influence on success of sports teams ininternational events. Statically society was coaches, athletes and executive directors for individualsports federations (which randomly selected four-Federations: wrestling, Lifting, Track and field,Taekwondo) and was also the director of the national olympic committee and ministry of sport andyouth that 153 person finally respond to questionnaire. Data gathering tool was that standardizedquestionnaire elite sports climate (De Bosscher,2011) which consists of 95 questions. Contentvalidity was assessed by related experts and the reliability of the questionnaire through a pilotstudy with 30 patients and Cronbach’s Alpha (0/93) respectively. Through path analysis affectingfactors on success of sports teams have been studied. The results showed that two factors externalfunding Financial support and Elite sport Environment With standardized coefficients 0/457 and0/048 through structure of sport policies have indirect effect on sporting success respectively. AlsoTalent identification variable With standardized coefficients the 0/348 has the maximum effect andpost-Career Support With standardized coefficients the 0/134 has the minimum effect in sportingsuccess. Finally, sport administrators and policy makers can identify success factors investmentand favorable focus on these factors.
