sports marketing
asgar abdollahi; yaghob badriazarin; Mohammad Khodadadi
Abstract
This research has developed a model of revenue generation in university sports. In terms of the applied goal, in terms of the type of qualitative data, in terms of the method of collecting field data, and in terms of the research strategy, it was of the type of foundation data with Strauss and Corbin ...
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This research has developed a model of revenue generation in university sports. In terms of the applied goal, in terms of the type of qualitative data, in terms of the method of collecting field data, and in terms of the research strategy, it was of the type of foundation data with Strauss and Corbin approach. In this research, the interviewees were among the university professors and experts and activists in the field of university sports and sports revenue generation, and 15 people were selected and participated in the interview using the targeted criteria-based method. In this research, in-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and at the same time as data was collected, their analysis was done in three stages of open, central, and selective coding. Maxqda software was used to classify the extracted codes. To achieve the validity of the research, Guba and Lincoln's four criteria were used. The results of the research showed that the mechanism of sports culture and the mechanism of income generation as causal factors, the design of support mechanisms and the design of financial mechanisms as background factors, knowledge challenges, support challenges and basic limitations as intervening factors, revenue generating mechanisms were identified as the central phenomenon, persuasion and management principles as strategy and sports development and economic development as the consequences of revenue generation in university sports. Therefore, using the model compiled in this research can improve revenue generation and, as a result, the development of university sports.
Keyvan Rostami Aghdam; Ahmad Mahmoudi; Ebrahim Ghahfarokhi
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to Pathology of legal cases arising from sports activities. The current research is a type of applied research and is considered as exploratory research in terms of nature. The current research was a type of mixed research that used Q methodology as the main research ...
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The purpose of the present study was to Pathology of legal cases arising from sports activities. The current research is a type of applied research and is considered as exploratory research in terms of nature. The current research was a type of mixed research that used Q methodology as the main research method. The statistical population of the research was sports law experts, sports management, sports litigation lawyers, professors and active experts in the field of sports law in Tehran. Theoretical saturation was achieved by interviewing 21 Pundits, experts and specialists. The results showed six mental patterns regarding the injuries of the accident files caused by sports activities were discovered and identified with the aim of Q methodology and the criterion of interpretability of the factors. The six mental patterns that were identified were unethical mental pattern, managerial mental pattern, underwork mental pattern, human power mental pattern, facilities mental pattern and supportive mental pattern. In order to reduce the damages caused by sports activities, it is necessary to take measures to minimize these damages and provide a healthy atmosphere in these environments. By clarifying and creating the field of sports law, creating a sports law publication, raising the awareness of sports litigation lawyers, we can take a small step in this field.
Mahmood Goodarzi; Rasool Nazari; Mohammad Ehsani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2012, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the effects of communication skills on management skills between sport managers. The research is descriptive and conducted through a survey. The population included 700 sports managers while the sample was opted by stratified random. Measurement tools contained ...
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The purpose of this research is to study the effects of communication skills on management skills between sport managers. The research is descriptive and conducted through a survey. The population included 700 sports managers while the sample was opted by stratified random. Measurement tools contained questionnaires including Barton J communication skills, management skills questionaires with reliabilities of (0.81, 0.88), respectively. Inferential statistical method and structural equation model (SEM) were utilized in order to investigate the effects of observed variables on latent variables. The results showed that there exists a significant different between management skills amonge several sport managers and significant different between man amd woman sport managers.Also according result of Structural Equation Modeling communicational skill effect on management skills(0.89). Hence, the results of the implementing measuring models for the route analysis of communication skills confirmed management skills between sport managers as well as of the conceptual models of this research.
Khosro Ebrahim; Sajad Ahmadi zadeh; Reza Ghanimati; Abdollah Bagheri; Sirous Sheykhi; Mehdi Ghanimati
Volume 1, Issue 2 , November 2012, , Pages 11-18
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of endurance training and garlic consumption on VO2max. For this purpose, 33 non- active men with, average age (25.7±2.5 yr) randomly divided into four groups: placebo, supplementation, training-placebo and training-supplementation. The ...
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of endurance training and garlic consumption on VO2max. For this purpose, 33 non- active men with, average age (25.7±2.5 yr) randomly divided into four groups: placebo, supplementation, training-placebo and training-supplementation. The Placebo and supplement groups recieved each day for a month 500 mg of starch and garlic powder each each day formonth. Groups daily intake of starch and garlic in addition to three sessions of exercise per week for a three and four had month to run on a treadmill endurance training began. Bruce protocol and gas analyzer was use to determine VO2max. Results showed that VO2max in groups: supplements (1.75±1.), training-placebo (2.62±0.74) and training-supplements (3.55±1.23) were significantly increased compared to placebo (p≤0.05). Also during the exercise test in two groups training-placebo (41.62±12.77 s) and training-supplements (55.55±28.68 s) were significantly increased compared to placebo (p≤0.05). Therefore, endurance training and garlic supplementation was effective on VO2max. But, garlic supplementation had additional effect on increased VO2max in non-active subjects who participated in endurance training.
Mir Hasan Seyed Ameri; Soran Bahrami; Mohammad Sayadi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , March 2013, , Pages 11-18
Abstract
The purpose of the current research was consideration of the relationship between managers` career self-efficiency and staff organizational commitment with costumers` satisfaction in Kerman province youth and sport general office. Statistical population included 345 managers, staff and youth and sport ...
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The purpose of the current research was consideration of the relationship between managers` career self-efficiency and staff organizational commitment with costumers` satisfaction in Kerman province youth and sport general office. Statistical population included 345 managers, staff and youth and sport office of cities and countries managers of Kerman province that because of significance and limited number, in headquarter managers` part 15 persons, in staff and costumers` part based on Morgan table 75 and 150 persons, respectively was chosen randomly for research sample. For access to research purpose Sheerer self-efficacy questionnaire, Allen and Mayer organizational commitment and customer satisfaction self made questionnaire was used. validity of the three questionnaires were confirmed by 15 experts and their reliability were studied in a preliminary study with 30 subjects of experts and calculated as 0.79, 0.87, and 0. 85, respectively. Analysis of the collected data done by descriptive approach and inferential statistics methods, including K-S, single sample t-test, linear regression, multi variable regression, and analysis of the route with help of SPSS software. Results of the research showed that managers` self- efficacy have direct relationship with 0.7 route ratio with staff organizational commitment and also direct relationship with costumers` satisfaction with 0.53 route ratio. Also staff organizational commitment with 0.61 route ratio has direct relationship with costumers` satisfaction. Also managers` career self- efficacy indirectly with 0.96 route ratio and through staff organizational commitment with costumers` satisfaction of youth and sport general office has meaningful relationship.
Loghman Keshavarz; Samira Sarkhosh
Volume 1, Issue 4 , April 2013, , Pages 11-19
Abstract
The purpose of the current research was consideration of the relationship between managers` career self-efficiency and staff organizational commitment with costumers` satisfaction in Kerman province youth and sport general office. Statistical population included 345 managers, staff and youth and sport ...
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The purpose of the current research was consideration of the relationship between managers` career self-efficiency and staff organizational commitment with costumers` satisfaction in Kerman province youth and sport general office. Statistical population included 345 managers, staff and youth and sport office of cities and countries managers of Kerman province that because of significance and limited number, in headquarter managers` part 15 persons, in staff and costumers` part based on Morgan table 75 and 150 persons, respectively was chosen randomly for research sample. For access to research purpose Sheerer self-efficacy questionnaire, Allen and Mayer organizational commitment and customer satisfaction self made questionnaire was used. validity of the three questionnaires were confirmed by 15 experts and their reliability were studied in a preliminary study with 30 subjects of experts and calculated as 0.79, 0.87, and 0. 85, respectively. Analysis of the collected data done by descriptive approach and inferential statistics methods, including K-S, single sample t-test, linear regression, multi variable regression, and analysis of the route with help of SPSS software. Results of the research showed that managers` self- efficacy have direct relationship with 0.7 route ratio with staff organizational commitment and also direct relationship with costumers` satisfaction with 0.53 route ratio. Also staff organizational commitment with 0.61 route ratio has direct relationship with costumers` satisfaction. Also managers` career self- efficacy indirectly with 0.96 route ratio and through staff organizational commitment with costumers` satisfaction of youth and sport general office has meaningful relationship.
zeynab anet; Seyed Nasrollah Sajjadi; Mohammad Khabiri
Volume 2, Issue 1 , September 2013, , Pages 11-24
Abstract
Consumer Nationalism as a priority to domestic products based on nationalist sentiments has been thesubject of many investigations in recent years. In this regard, according to Krejcie & Morgan chart, 278cases among 965 undergraduate physical education students of some Tehran and Karaj universities ...
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Consumer Nationalism as a priority to domestic products based on nationalist sentiments has been thesubject of many investigations in recent years. In this regard, according to Krejcie & Morgan chart, 278cases among 965 undergraduate physical education students of some Tehran and Karaj universities wereselected as a research samples. The measuring tools have been CETSCALE of Shimp & Sharma (1987)and questionnaire of Hoseinzade (1386) with reliability 0.841. For data analysis, descriptive statisticsand inferential statistics including Spearman coorelation and Mann-Whitney test in SPSS were use withPstudents were below average. Also there wasn’t relation between nationalism and conspicuousconsumption, whereas there was a negative relation between cultural openness and consumernationalism among students. Moreover, results of Mann-Whitney test imply that girls are morenationalist than boys and they have more than conspicuous consumption. Finally, students with lessconsumer nationalism had lower assessment of Iranian products.
Majid Jalali Farahani
Volume 2, Issue 2 , December 2013, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the influence of selected marketing mix elements on brand equity in sport service. Method research was descriptive - correlational. The statistical population consisted of the Mojhaye Abi center consumers. For sampling, we selected 262 persons. For gathering data, three ...
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The purpose of this study was the influence of selected marketing mix elements on brand equity in sport service. Method research was descriptive - correlational. The statistical population consisted of the Mojhaye Abi center consumers. For sampling, we selected 262 persons. For gathering data, three main questionnaires utilized: Price, Service center image, Advertising and Promotional sales questionnaire (Yoo, Donthu & Lee, 2000) and Brand equity questionnaire (Henseler, Wilson & Westberg, 2011). The validity of questionnaires determined by experts and the reliability were (α = 0.79) for price questionnaire, (α = 0.73) for service center image questionnaire, (α = 0.84) for advertising questionnaire, (α = 0.78) for promotional sales questionnaire and (α = 0.81) for brand equity questionnaire. The stepwise regression results indicated that promotional sales and service center image for selected marketing mix elements did influence on brand equity. Also, the results indicated that price and advertising did not influence on brand equity. According to our results, Sports service centers have to for brand equity creation, their marketing activities are focused more on promoting and image center creation
Leyla Mortezaei; Reza Andam
Volume 2, Issue 4 , May 2014, , Pages 11-22
Abstract
This study aims to build Women's participation motivations questionnaire in recreational water sports and reliability and validity. In this study, 283 people of women Khorasan Razavi Province from 4000 people were selected using random cluster as statistical sample. In this study, after the survey content ...
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This study aims to build Women's participation motivations questionnaire in recreational water sports and reliability and validity. In this study, 283 people of women Khorasan Razavi Province from 4000 people were selected using random cluster as statistical sample. In this study, after the survey content validity, to check the structural validity exploratory factor analysis was used and reliability Cronbach's alpha and data analysis the software SPSS version 18 was used. According to factor analysis motivations women’s participation questionnaire in recreational water sports were classified in eight groups with titles of: Enjoyment and relaxation (7 items), fitness (4 items), Health and Hygiene (4 items), skill (3 items), Social dimensions (6 items), Success and recognition (7 items), Prevention and treat disease (3 items), Supremacy (3 items). The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient (α=0/890). Enjoyment and relaxation (4/43±0/53), fitness (4/39±0/57) and Health and Hygiene (4/26±0/59) were most important motivations of women’s participation in recreational water sports. Results of this study showed, Obtained 37 questions questionnaire is an appropriate Scale for measuring women’s participation motivations in recreational water sports.
Azita Sahpar Tawfigh; Ebrahim Deldar; Ruhallah Ramezani
Volume 3, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 11-22
Abstract
The purpose of this study was applying the cybernetic model in Iranian sport and youth departments. The method of research was descriptive and all of the staffs of sport and youth departments in selected province of Iran were chosen as research samples (N=118). Due to the large population study, cluster ...
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The purpose of this study was applying the cybernetic model in Iranian sport and youth departments. The method of research was descriptive and all of the staffs of sport and youth departments in selected province of Iran were chosen as research samples (N=118). Due to the large population study, cluster random sampling method was used. Questionnaire (Validity was confirmed, α= 0.89) was used for Data collection and Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity. The analyzing of data was done by ANOVA (P<0/05) and Post Hoc test. The results showed that, the cybernetic model has better position in sport and youth departments of Hamedan and Ghom but Northern Khorasan didn’t have a good position
Abdol Mehdi Nasirzadeh; Abolfazl Farahani; Hamid Khezri
Volume 3, Issue 2 , November 2014, , Pages 11-26
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to designing implementing strategy model for department of sport and youth of kerman province by BSC approach.The statistical sample of this research was 30 individuals of physical education professors of higher education institues of province and administrative managers ...
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The purpose of this research was to designing implementing strategy model for department of sport and youth of kerman province by BSC approach.The statistical sample of this research was 30 individuals of physical education professors of higher education institues of province and administrative managers of sport teams super leagues and high levels of the province sport managers and students of master of administrative management of sport. The sample of this study were chosen purposefully (22 people in the quantitative study, and 8 people in the qualitative study). The qualitative interview and self-made questioner were used as investigation tools. Reliability and validity of self-made questioner were assured by physical education experts and university faculty members opinions. The pilot study as well as internal validity was found to be applicable by cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=. /82). Collected data analyzed by x2, Klomogorov Smirnov, cronbach's alpha, and logical inductive reasoning. The research finding showed the department of sport of kerman province had four perspectives ,such as finance ,customer ,internal process ,learning and growth, 14 strategy in the different perspectives as well as 29 strategic objective, 84 measurements, 112 initiatives. Ultimately, it can be concluded that suggested perspectives ,strategic objectives ,measurements, qualitative objectives, and initiatives have potentiality of being applied in practicing strategies due to the relationship between department of sport of kerman vision and strategies and its strategies objectives, measurements, and initiatives.
Parastoo Zarki; Esmaeil Sarifiyan; Kurush Ghareman tabrizi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, , Pages 11-30
Abstract
The purpose of this study was Content analysis of online and high circulation newspapers with emphasison the coverage of Sports Development Master Plan document components. The research method wasanalytical- descriptive that performed with Content analysis. . The statistic population was 10 highcirculation ...
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The purpose of this study was Content analysis of online and high circulation newspapers with emphasison the coverage of Sports Development Master Plan document components. The research method wasanalytical- descriptive that performed with Content analysis. . The statistic population was 10 highcirculation national newspaper online archives in the 2012. Data collection performed with Reliable cheeklist, For Data analysis used descriptive statistics method and chi Square test by of SPSS 20 software.Results showed that in 720 newspapers studied in this article, 82/7% had one page and less than one pagesports content and 17/3% more than one page. 48% news relating to professional sports, 40%Championship sport ,4% sport for the disabled, 3% women sport, 1%sport for all and 1% educationalsport. As well as the chi-square test results for categories, components and sex showed a significantdifference (P≤ 0/001). Therefore national newspapers should be aware of the important role of sport insociety. They must use their special position to motivate people to take part in total sport areas and help tocountry sport development.
Loghman Keshavarz; Abolfazl Farahani; Morteza Rezaie Soufi; Hosain Zokaee
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 11-24
Abstract
The purpose of research was factor analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of bidding and hosting international mega sporting events in Iran. The research was mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research was 230 persons including sport ...
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The purpose of research was factor analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of bidding and hosting international mega sporting events in Iran. The research was mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research was 230 persons including sport management faculty members, managers and experts of sport organizational who were familiar with hosting sporting events. 25 managers and elite sport experts who were familiar with hosting mega sporting events were chosen purposely to qualitative samples. And based on Morgan table 141 persons were randomly chosen to quantitative sample. To achieve the research objectives, the list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of bidding and hosting mega sporting events in Iran were provided, and the final list was completed in 3 phases with Delphi method and with experts’ opinion. Then the self-made questioner with 61 questions was distributed among quantitative samples. Validity of the questionnaire15 was confirmed by 20 experts and the reliability was studied 30in ina pilot study with 30 subjects and calculated as 0.78 respectively. For data analysis the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods, including Kolmogorov- Smirnov, confirmed factor analysis by application of Lisrel software and SPSS software were used. And a Delphi method was used for qualitative section. Research findings.یافتهRes showed that there are 7 strengths, 21 weaknesses, 9 opportunities, and 9 threats for bidding and hosting international mega sporting events in Iran.
hossein eydi; Peyman Mohammadi; Kamran Eidipor; Salamn Mohamadi
Volume 3, Issue 4 , June 2015, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
The research aims to determine the relationship between managers’ source of power and organizational effectiveness in sport and youth organization of Kermanshah province. 17 managers and 126 employees participated in this research as sample. Managers answerwd the questionnaire of Hinkin and Schriesheim ...
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The research aims to determine the relationship between managers’ source of power and organizational effectiveness in sport and youth organization of Kermanshah province. 17 managers and 126 employees participated in this research as sample. Managers answerwd the questionnaire of Hinkin and Schriesheim (1989) and the employees answered organizational effectiveness of Pownder (1999) questionnaire. Data analyzed through Pearson coefficient and regression tests. Results indicated that there was positive and significant relationship between source of power of managers, Reward power of managers, legitimate power of managers, referent power of managers and expert power of managers and organizational effectiveness and negative significant relationship between Coercive power of managers and organizational effectiveness. Coercive power, Reward power, legitimate power, referent power and expert power of managers can predict 33%organizational effectiveness.It is Concluded that Coercive power is not suggested for youth and sport office managers, but referent and expert power were efficient for organizational effectiveness.
behzad ahadi; Mehrdad moharramzadeh; Chalak Majidi; Golale Rasoolazar
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2016, , Pages 11-22
Abstract
The research aims to study the factors associated with occupational and organizational stress in technical staff of Urmia16th Asian men`s volleyball championship participant teams. This research is an applied and descriptive-correlation. Population and sample was total team`s technical staff (44 persons). ...
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The research aims to study the factors associated with occupational and organizational stress in technical staff of Urmia16th Asian men`s volleyball championship participant teams. This research is an applied and descriptive-correlation. Population and sample was total team`s technical staff (44 persons). Valid and reliable Ivancevich and Matteson`s stress questionnaire was used to collecting data in two parts; occupational stresses questionnaire include 16 questions (α=0.88) and organizational stresses questionnaire include 30 questions (α=0.95). Descriptive statistic results show that role of the organizational stressor was more than occupational stressor. Among the occupational stresses, time pressure and among organizational stresses, develop system of human resources had the highest effect in creating stress. As well as Pearson correlation test results show that occupational and organizational stresses had significance and positive relevancy (p
Mahmoud Goudarzi; ayoub eslami; Ebrahim Alidoust
Volume 4, Issue 3 , February 2016, , Pages 11-27
Abstract
The aim of this research was to identify factors affecting the development of Sport for all via the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (I.R.I.B) through a heuristic and qualitative approach. The statistical population consisted of experts and activists in the field of public sport, sport media, authorities ...
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The aim of this research was to identify factors affecting the development of Sport for all via the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (I.R.I.B) through a heuristic and qualitative approach. The statistical population consisted of experts and activists in the field of public sport, sport media, authorities and university professors who had worked in the media field. The snowball/chain sampling was used to choose the experts. The instrument in the qualitative part of the study was the interview. The author reached a theoretical saturation after the 14th interview and a qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of the qualitative part of the study included 45 components, from which 18 components in the cognitive role, 11 components in the normative role, and 4 components were in the regulatory role. Also, 12 components were identified as factors affecting the TV programs production. In this research, through studying the previous literature and theoretical basis of this paper, the author provided a background for next phase of the study. Then, the objectives of study were identified by choosing some main concepts resulted from the studies. Finally, in this research, 33 effective components in three main themes of the study (cognitive, normative and regulatory roles) and 31 components were identified as inhibiting factors. Also, there were 12 identified components which were not included in the triple roles and therefore summarized in the components regarding the program production.
Gholamreza Shabani Bahar; HamidReza Maghsodi Eiman; Mahmod Godarzi; Habib Honari
Volume 4, Issue 4 , May 2016, , Pages 11-24
Abstract
The Purpose of this Study was to determine the Development of Structal Equation Models of Participative Management and Organizational Agility in Selected Iranian Sports Federations. Measuring Instruments Included Participative Management questionnaire (Labaf and Ranjbar, 1381) and Organization Agility ...
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The Purpose of this Study was to determine the Development of Structal Equation Models of Participative Management and Organizational Agility in Selected Iranian Sports Federations. Measuring Instruments Included Participative Management questionnaire (Labaf and Ranjbar, 1381) and Organization Agility Standard Questionnaire (Spitzer, 2007) is applied with face and Content Validity. Cronbach's Alpha Coefficients Questionnaire reliability was 0.88 & 0.96 respectively. The Statistical Population of this Research was Including all Islamic Republic of Iranian Sport Federations and Statistical sample was 269 Experts and Executives of 22 of iraian Selected Sport Federations to Complete Purposive sampling. The research method is Correlational Method used Structal Equation Models (Structal Equation & path diagram) through LISREL Statistical Software. Results indicate that there was Positive significant Impact of the Components (goal setting, decision making, problem solving and change) on Participative Management and Positive Significant Impact of the Components (Speed, Competency, Felxiability, and Responsiveness) on Organizational Agility. In total, there was Positive Significant impact of Participative Management on Organizational Agility. Those Sequential Model Fitting Procedures Indicate Impacted Participative Management on Organizational Agility in Selected Iranian Sports Federations. Therefore, by Setting Goals and Developing a Cohesive Participatory between Managers and Staff of Sports Federations Improving Organizational Agility in Sports Federations in the Future can be Identified.
Hossein Eydi; Kayvan Shabani Moghadam
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 11-22
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate standardization of professional ethics questionnaire of Sporting coaches. Population of the study consists of all national and international coaches of football, wrestling, track and field, martial arts, judo, hockey, volleyball, golf and sports of the disabled in ...
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This paper aims to investigate standardization of professional ethics questionnaire of Sporting coaches. Population of the study consists of all national and international coaches of football, wrestling, track and field, martial arts, judo, hockey, volleyball, golf and sports of the disabled in lorestan province. Target based sampling was used that finally 200 individuals responded designed researcher-made questionnaire. the questionnaire according to survey of literature, semi-structured interview with 15 sport management scholars and according to exploratory method. Confirimatory factor analysis (CFA) also used for construct validity. Result based on exploratory factor analysis showed 38 questions in six factors of philosophy of coaching ( 5 items) , interest in job (8 items) useing the collective wisdom (6 items) the rule of law (7 items) respecting the values and social norms (7 items) and human relationships (4 items). Internal consistency of the questionnaire with Concluded that Cronbach's alpha was 763. this questionnaire has good scale to measure professional ethic of sporting coaches. It is Suggested that future research use this questionnaire in different sampel and fields.
Ahmad Fallahi; Mohamad Ehsani; Hshem Kouzehchian; Mohammad Khabiri
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 11-21
Abstract
This research aimed at investigating the Moderating role of ambush marketing, negative behavior and congruence in the relationship between sport (Iran Football pro-league) involvement and intention to purchase. The research used a descriptive-correlation method conducted as a field. The sample consisted ...
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This research aimed at investigating the Moderating role of ambush marketing, negative behavior and congruence in the relationship between sport (Iran Football pro-league) involvement and intention to purchase. The research used a descriptive-correlation method conducted as a field. The sample consisted of 515 pro-league spectators. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by 14 professors and through confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach''s alpha (over 0.7 for the whole questionnaire and all subscales). ANCOVA was used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference in intention to purchase from sponsors with regard to different levels of sport involvement (F=1.8, P=0.001). Also, the Moderating role of negative behavior (F=14.6, P=0.001) and congruence (F=100.2, P=0.001) in purchase intention was significant while the moderating role of ambush marketing (F=0.34, P=0.0556) was not significant. Generally, there was a relationship between the pro-league involvement and the intention to purchase sponsors'' products and players'' negative behaviors and the congruence between sponsors and pro-league moderated this relationship.
Gholamreza Shabani Bahar
Volume 5, Issue 3 , February 2017, , Pages 11-23
Abstract
Unless job design, job crafting is the process of employee based that it occurred in organizational environment as individual differences and it can be led to organizational outcomes like as agility. To this do, the research has been design by aim of structural equations analysis for effect of job crafting ...
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Unless job design, job crafting is the process of employee based that it occurred in organizational environment as individual differences and it can be led to organizational outcomes like as agility. To this do, the research has been design by aim of structural equations analysis for effect of job crafting on organizational agility in sport and youth ministry. Number of 191 experts and managers of ministry selected by Krejecie et al’s table and responded to research questionnaires. After verifying face validity of instruments (by 17 experts of sport management), the questionnaire reliability of job crafting and organizational agility was achieved 0.95 and 0.86 respectively by Akpha’s Chronbach coefficient. Structural equations showed that the best factor related to job crafting which can effect on organizational agility of sport and youth ministry is decreasing hindering job demands with standard solution of 0.57, and after that another most important factor is increasing job social resources (r= 0.35). Regarding to reflected standard solutions of organizational agility, job crafting dimensions can mostly be more effect on leadership and technology components of organizational agility. Based on research findings can be expected that managers of big and bureaucratic sport organizations will certainly be able to change employee’s pleasure attitudes to organizational agility through conduct and monitoring of employees toward job crafting. In other words, autonomy and freedom for empowered employees cab be led to organizational agility based on job crafting.
S.Esafandiyar Mousavi; majid jalali farahani; keyvan moradiyan
Volume 5, Issue 4 , May 2017, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate sport marketing articles by using citation analysis of scientific publications in the area of physical education and sports science from 1379 to 1392. The methodology of this research is citation analysis. Statistical population of current study is all of 10 journal ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate sport marketing articles by using citation analysis of scientific publications in the area of physical education and sports science from 1379 to 1392. The methodology of this research is citation analysis. Statistical population of current study is all of 10 journal articles in the field of sports marketing in physical education and sports science over 13 years and the statistical sample was equal to statistical population. For this purpose, 1236 references from 68 extracted articles were investigated. The Excel 2010 software was applied for data analysis. According to the data analysis, the average citation per paper was 17/18. Among the sources of information, most cited was devoted to the articles. Elsewhere findings have shown that Among the English and Persian journals “Sport Marketing Quarterly” and “Sport Management” were core journals. In addition, the results showed that most articles published threesome and most authors have with assistant teacher in academic ranking. Finally, according to results of this current research, it has been suggested that scientific research magazine with focus on sport marketing launch.
Samira Feizi; Amir Montazeri; Reza Andam; Mehrzad Hamidi
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
The Purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between cultural intelligence and achievement motivation of sport event volunteers. The applied method in this research was descriptive – correlation. The statistical population consisted of Sport Volunteers at the 11th Iranian Universities ...
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The Purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between cultural intelligence and achievement motivation of sport event volunteers. The applied method in this research was descriptive – correlation. The statistical population consisted of Sport Volunteers at the 11th Iranian Universities Sport Olympiad in summer 2012. Because of low statistical population it was considered as the sample population (n=N). The research Instruments was the “cultural intelligence questionnaire” (CCI, 2005) comprised 20 items and “achievement motivation questionnaire” (McClelland) composed of 11 items. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by university experts panel. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaires in pilot study. The reliability of cultural intelligence questionnaire and achievement motivation questionnaire was 0.72 and 0.74 respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. The research hypotheses were analyzed through regression with stepwise method. The result of regression analysis showed that metacognitive CI and motivational CI was explaining %24 variance of achievement motivation (F (2,117) = 19.39, p ˂ 0.001; R² = 0.249). The results of this study can create good vision about the importance of developing cultural intelligence and achievement motivation for voluntary affairs managers.
Alireza Zakerian
Volume 6, Issue 2 , December 2017, , Pages 11-19
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of online advertising on sport consumer purchase decision. This research is of applied research in terms of goals and descriptive-survey as well. statistical Population were students of physical education at colleges and universities in the ...
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of online advertising on sport consumer purchase decision. This research is of applied research in terms of goals and descriptive-survey as well. statistical Population were students of physical education at colleges and universities in the city of Tehran. Sample size determined through using Cochran formula and obtained 344 people. Data collection tool was Wu et al (2008) questionnaire that its validity approved by 12 professional sport management and marketing professors and confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity and the reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for different parts , between 0/86 to 0/91. Data analyzed by descriptive and inferential tests such as means, standard division, kolmogorov-smirnov and stepwise multivariate linear regression and data analysis was performed using SPSS 23. The results show that the factors product involvement degree, attitudes to Internet advertising and Internet advertising content design can predict purchase decision. Internet advertising contact and attention could not also contribute regression equations. Internet advertising involvement and role of goods purchase foremost according to necessity, usage, importance to people and after that attitude creation and good content can increase goods selling.
Manochehr Tatari
Volume 6, Issue 3 , February 2018, , Pages 11-19
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between communication skills and work ethic of physical education managers in Education and Training Departments in western provinces of the country with satisfaction of physical education teachers from teachers' points of view . ...
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between communication skills and work ethic of physical education managers in Education and Training Departments in western provinces of the country with satisfaction of physical education teachers from teachers' points of view . The research method was descriptive-analytical which has been conducted through using survey method. The research sample included 380 teachers (population 4321) of physical education who were teaching in first and second degrees of high schools. Data collection tools included Barton J standard questionnaire of communication skills, Minnesota job satisfaction and work ethics questionnaire.To analyze the research data, there was SPSS 18 software to perform descriptive statistics, while LISREL software was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) as well. The results showed that values of impact coefficient of communication skills on work ethic and job satisfaction are 0.30 and 0.10 respectively. Value of impact coefficient of work ethic on job satisfaction was 0.50. Among components related to communication skills, feedback skill had the highest impact coefficient (0.99) and listening skills and verbal skills were in next places with impact coefficient of 0.59 and 0.55 respectively. Among items related to work ethic, the item of “emphasizing of Education and Training Organization on its interests” had the highest impact coefficient (0.71); meanwhile, among items of job satisfaction the item of “pride of doing a good job” had the highest impact coefficient (0.69).
Manochehr Tatari Hasan Gavyar; Ehsan Tatari Hasan Gavyar; Afshar Honarvar
Volume 6, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 11-18
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate role of leadership styles of manager's of private sport clubs in west provinces of Iran on their employee's entrepreneurship. Research methods was descriptive and correlation which have done by survey. Final samples consisted of 480 employees of the clubs. ...
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The purpose of this research was to investigate role of leadership styles of manager's of private sport clubs in west provinces of Iran on their employee's entrepreneurship. Research methods was descriptive and correlation which have done by survey. Final samples consisted of 480 employees of the clubs. Data gathering tools were two researcher made questionnaires in entrepreneurship (Cronbach's Alpha= 0.82) and leadership styles (Cronbach's Alpha= 0.74) which their validity was approved by physical education faculty members. SPSS 18 statistical package was used for descriptive analysis, and LISREL software leveraged for Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results of inferential statistics and SEM showed that path coefficient of leadership style on entrepreneurship (0.43) was significant (t value= 5.89). Coefficient of participatory leadership style was (0.82) more than consolatory style (0.45) and both styles were significant (t>1.96). For entrepreneurship variable, "ingenious and devise", "need for success" and "employee's team work" had greatest factor loadings. So, it can be said that managers with participatory and consolatory leadership styles can have entrepreneur employees.
