Hamid Ghasemi; Abdollah Karami; Farshad Sadeghi
Volume 1, Issue 4 , April 2013, , Pages 43-54
Abstract
This study is focused on production system amoung 3 axis of T.V. Study (audience, content and production). The purposive was recognizing the factors and criteria which have effect on sports production system on Iranian T.V. channels.The analyzing was basis on oriented media and oriented audience theories. ...
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This study is focused on production system amoung 3 axis of T.V. Study (audience, content and production). The purposive was recognizing the factors and criteria which have effect on sports production system on Iranian T.V. channels.The analyzing was basis on oriented media and oriented audience theories. The oriented media theories know the media as a main factor in human changes, but oriented audience theorie has emphasized on audience and belive the sports T.V. programs creats for reseon of the audience needs.
The methodology was qualitative and the data were gathered by deep interviewing with media experts. The sampeling was nonrandomized and purposive method and researcher choosed the known persons about sports media experts.
The findings showed which sport T.V. channel can be the core of the sport T.V channels and other T.V. channels can act as a complemension. It was a need to provide more opportunities for choosing sports T.V. programs by audiences. The T.V. channels managers must try to broadcst different sports and change the demands of audiences about sports and programs.
Abbas Nazariyan Madavani; Maryam Mokhtari Dinani
Volume 2, Issue 2 , December 2013, , Pages 43-56
Abstract
The purpose of this research was studying the relationship between Emotional qution, Job satisfaction and organization commitment physical education office staff of Tehran universities. The statistical papulation of the study were included 130 people (114 experts of government universities and 16 experts ...
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The purpose of this research was studying the relationship between Emotional qution, Job satisfaction and organization commitment physical education office staff of Tehran universities. The statistical papulation of the study were included 130 people (114 experts of government universities and 16 experts of non-government universities) samples.
The instrument of the study was questionnaires made by shiring and et all (emotional qution), porters and et all (job satisfaction), Meyer JP, Allen JN. (Organization Commitment).
In this research the use of descriptive Method, also average, standara diviation and inference like pierson correlation and multiple regressions.
There was significant correlation respectively between Emotional qution and Job satisfaction (r=0/3، P≤01/0), Emotional qution and organization commitment (r=0/35 ، P≤0/01), Job satisfaction and organization commitment (r=0/69 ، P≤0/01). Also, there were multiple the relationships between Emotional qution and Job satisfaction, Emotional qution and organization commitment. (F =9/23 ، R2=0/19, P≤ 0/001) and (F=8/05 ، R2=0/17 ،P≤ 0/001).
According to results of tht study it seems authority submission to worthy staff, improving teamworking, workshop to introducing emotional qution and suitable using in workplace, can effectiveness in improving organization commitment in physical education office of universities.
somaye mohammadi
Volume 4, Issue 4 , May 2016, , Pages 43-54
Abstract
This paper aims to study the presentation of structural equations model factors affecting development of purchasing sports goods via internet. The research method is a survey and its target is applicable. The population of the research were faculty and graduate students and Ph.D. candidatesin Physical ...
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This paper aims to study the presentation of structural equations model factors affecting development of purchasing sports goods via internet. The research method is a survey and its target is applicable. The population of the research were faculty and graduate students and Ph.D. candidatesin Physical Education (N =3196) public universities across the country; A total of 436 persons with cluster and indirect chosen were selected. The required data was collected through using a questionnaire. The face validity of the Questionnaire is verified based on 10 sports and insurance management professionals and content validity was calculated based on lavshy (CVI=0/86).In order to identify and assess the validity, the exploratory factor analysis was used. The overall internal reliability of the questionnaire obtained through Cronbach's alpha (α=0/81). For data analysis, parametric tests, one- sample t -test and ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple significance level of p
aidin abbasi; Farzam Farzan; Mirhasan Seyed Ameri; Behnam Zayer
Volume 6, Issue 1 , August 2017, , Pages 43-49
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of Social factors on the incidence of different types of academic misconduct. The method of this study is descriptive, in terms of implementation, it is a survey, and in terms of purpose it is practical. Data for this study were ...
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of Social factors on the incidence of different types of academic misconduct. The method of this study is descriptive, in terms of implementation, it is a survey, and in terms of purpose it is practical. Data for this study were collected using a researcher-constructed questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by a number of sport management faculty members and its reliability calculated 87/0 with Cronbach's alpha. The questionnaire was designed with a Likert scale of 5 values. The participants of the study were comprised physical education students all over the country. Based on geographic regions of the country, five universities selected from the North, South, East, West and center of the country all of which were graduate students of physical education. The statistical sample of the study included graduate students of Physical Education in Tehran, Shiraz, Kurdistan, Mazandaran and Mashhad Universities. The selection of samples were available by stratified- Stochastic sampling method. Sample size in five colleges determined, based on the number of graduate students of these five faculties and using Morgan table. The findings show the importance of Social factors, especially the lack of adequate supervision of authorities in occurring academic misconduct. In order to deal with all kinds of academic misconduct, the directors of the affair must give special attention to the Social factors, especially the lack of adequate supervision of authorities as an effective factor in the incidence of academic misconducts.
Hamid Ghasemi; Fatemeh Saemiyan
Volume 6, Issue 3 , February 2018, , Pages 43-52
Abstract
This paper aims to compare self branding and communication skills between physical education students and other selected students. Methodology was descriptive; strategically; and survey. Population was all Iranian students. Sampeling way was unlimited society randomized cluster and through use of Morgan's ...
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This paper aims to compare self branding and communication skills between physical education students and other selected students. Methodology was descriptive; strategically; and survey. Population was all Iranian students. Sampeling way was unlimited society randomized cluster and through use of Morgan's schedual 384 samples were enough. Thus 390 sample recived our questionnaire and 381 questionnaire were filled in(188 physical education students and 193 of others respectively ) .Instrument for datagathering were communication skills questionnaire and self branding questionnaire made by Ghasemi(2015). Questionnaires were used after being approved its validity and relaiability. Findings showed the average level of communication skills and self branding in all students. But the communication skills and self branding were lower in physical education students in comparison with other students. The difference was significant and physical education students were weaker than others. Mean of communication skills and self branding of physical education students were lower than average as well.
mojtaba zarifi; Hasan Bahrololoum; Reza Andam; Reza Sheikh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a novel approach in order to design a human resource performance assessment questionnaire in sports organizations using an axiomatic design technique. The statistical population of the survey covers all human resources of the ministry(including managers, employees ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate a novel approach in order to design a human resource performance assessment questionnaire in sports organizations using an axiomatic design technique. The statistical population of the survey covers all human resources of the ministry(including managers, employees and experts) for the year 2017(N=840)where260samples were considered(n=260)based on Kerejsay and Morgan table. Data gathering tool is a researcher-made questionnaire which is based on human resource performance assessment. The research method is a combination of exploratory and sequential explorations based on the design of a questionnaire using the principle of the axiom design technique. In order to analyze the descriptive statistics data and before and after sport organizations questionnaire,the technique design based on the axiom and appropriate components and relevant indicators have been gathered. Also, apparent validity is determined according to the viewpoint of the professors and,on the other hand, the principle of information determines the content validity and the principle of independence is proportional to the structural validity. Reliability of the questionnaires is calculated based on Cronbach's alpha technique. The results illustrate that the reliability of the questionnaire validity which is designed by the axiom-based design technique is at a level of error of 0.5.Also, the design questionnaire has a higher Cronbach alpha coefficient using axial-based design technique at95%confidence level. A comprehensive performance assessment is achieved when the Ministry of Sports and Youth have the quality in three general criteria, namely the selection of staff, performance indicators of human resources and the maintenance of staff.
sports marketing
daryush marefat; akbar faridfathi; maryam farid fathi
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors influencing the promotion of the personal brand image among the champion athletes of East Azarbaijan province. The research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of execution ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors influencing the promotion of the personal brand image among the champion athletes of East Azarbaijan province. The research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of execution method. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, which was compiled by reviewing scientific texts and some preliminary interviews with veterans and sports experts of the province. The construct validity of the questionnaire was examined through confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability of the questionnaire was examined through the Cronbach's alpha test in an initial sample of 30 peoplevalidity of the questionnaire, 10 experts and professors of sports management were provided. The statistical population of the research included athletes, coaches, referees and veterans of championship sports of East Azarbaijan province. Due to the lack of easy access to the entire research community and the uncertainty of the exact number of the community, the sampling method used was the available method, based on which 210 people were considered as a sample. sports performance, lifestyle, personal appearance and clothing, citizenship behaviors and communication are effective factors in promoting the personal brand image of the champion athletes of East Azerbaijan province. The results of prioritization showed that the highest weight related to the social responsibility of the champion athletes was 0.297 and the lowest weight was related to the appearance and coverage of the champion athletes with a weight of 0.065.
Afshar Jafari; Jabar Bashiri; Farid Etemadiyan; Mansour Aghaei
Volume 1, Issue 2 , November 2012, , Pages 44-37
Abstract
Background: Based on the conflict results about the effect of creatine supplement on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), the present study was carried out to determine the effect of creatine monohydrate loading on serum total creatine kinase (CK) and downhill running-induced muscle soreness in male ...
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Background: Based on the conflict results about the effect of creatine supplement on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), the present study was carried out to determine the effect of creatine monohydrate loading on serum total creatine kinase (CK) and downhill running-induced muscle soreness in male mountaineers.
Methodology: Twenty volunteer healthy male mountain climbers (Aged 20-28 year, Body fat 8-12%, and VO2max 50-55 ml/kg/min) in a randomized and double-blind design were divided into two equal creatine and placebo groups. Each participant received 300 mg/kg/day creatine monohydrate or dextrose for five consecutive days. After supplementation period, all subjects were participated in downhill running protocol with 65% maximum oxygen consumption, -15% on a treadmill for 30 minutes. Blood samples were obtained in the four phases: Before and after loading phase; immediately and 24hours after downhill running protocol. Data were expressed as means ± SD and analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, Bonferroni and independent samples t tests at P<0.05.
Results: The serum total creatine kinase (CK) and perceived muscle pain were significantly increased in both groups after the downhill running (P<0.05). However, the 24-hour change ranges of serum CK in creatine group were significantly less than in placebo group (P<0.05) while, the 24-hour differences of lower limb’s swelling, flexibility, maximal isometric strength, and explosive power between two groups were not significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the present results, it can be concluded that the 5-day creatine monohydrate loading has effect on some undesirable changes of downhill running-induced muscle soreness in male mountain climbers.
bahareh azizi nejad; najmeh nik far
Volume 7, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 45-56
Abstract
An advanced research was done for purpose of examining the relationship between value-oriented attitudes-based on Alport and Lindzy model and Decision making styles based on Scott & Bruce model for taking decision. About 100 administrators were selected as a statistical sample, among statistical ...
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An advanced research was done for purpose of examining the relationship between value-oriented attitudes-based on Alport and Lindzy model and Decision making styles based on Scott & Bruce model for taking decision. About 100 administrators were selected as a statistical sample, among statistical population of administrators of physical education organization. Two questionnaires were used: 1) Alport and Lindzy’s Standard Questionnaire to study administrators’ value-oriented attitudes and 2) Scott and Bruce Questionnaire to study administrators’ decision-making styles. Research data were analyzed with SPSS, by using Pierson –product correlation coefficient, t-test for independent groups and analysis of Freedman’s variance component. The research findings show that there are relationships between administrators’ value orientation and design making in university and this relations haven’t different between men and women, but hierarchy of value system is different, as economic and political values of men are more than women. Religious and aesthetic values are the most and the least one sequence. Finally applied suggestions are presented.
Afsane Sharifi; Mohammad Ali Aslankhani; Farshad Tojari; Ali Asghar Doroudian
Abstract
Brand is the most iconic aspect of the sports industry and the fans are the largest consumer of sports brands. Therefore, the focus on the fans loyalty in sports, especially football, is a concern for many sports clubs managers. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to design SEM model ...
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Brand is the most iconic aspect of the sports industry and the fans are the largest consumer of sports brands. Therefore, the focus on the fans loyalty in sports, especially football, is a concern for many sports clubs managers. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to design SEM model of fans loyalty in Iran football premier league based on service brand dimensions. The statistical populationwere include of Iran football premier League fans. For this purpose, 384 fans selected as sample using available targeted sampling.
To collect data, the service brand loyalty questionnaire of Krystallis and Chrysochou (2014) was used. The validity and reliability were confirmed. Multivariate regression and structural equations were used to analyze data. The result showed positive significant impact(sig<0.50) of brand hearsay on brand evidence (0.76) and brand attitude(0.53), brand attitude on satisfaction(0.80), satisfaction on brand attitude(0.26) and brand attitude on fans loyalty. Also, the effect of brand hearsay on satisfaction and brand evidence on brand attitude was not significant. But all the variables directly and indirectly affected on fans loyalty. It is also observed that brand attitude has the most impact on the fans loyalty. Therefore, club managers are recommended to attract and retain fans by relying on their assets and opportunities and benefit from the advantages of loyal fans, including earning money and confronting competitors.
Mohammad Alimardani; Loghman Keshavarz; Abolfazl Farahani
Abstract
The purpose of this study was determine superefficiency and identify undesirable output factors the Olympic Federations the country. This study is type descriptive and retrospective the information was collected, to field. Statistical population study included was 25 Olympic federations of the country. ...
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The purpose of this study was determine superefficiency and identify undesirable output factors the Olympic Federations the country. This study is type descriptive and retrospective the information was collected, to field. Statistical population study included was 25 Olympic federations of the country. Due to the low number of this population Sampling of the total number was used. Data was collected federations For the year 2017. In order to determine the efficiency of federations, the used DEA model. In Data envelopment analysis method is the first step in determining the inputs and outputs of the research. For this reason, strategies of the federations were determined by the balanced scorecard model in the form of a questionnaire distributed. In order to determine the input or output indicators of the evaluation the Chi square test, identify undesirable output factors of inefficient federations in two methods of CCR and BCC output-axis and in order to rank the federations' superefficiency score was used from the Anderson Peterson ranking model. SPSS and DEA Solver software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that in the CCR model, seven federations and in the BCC model, six federations were inefficient. Also, the ranking results showed that in CCR model, equestrian, weightlifting and hockey federations ranked first to third and in BCC model, football, wrestling and handball federations ranked first to third. It can be concluded that federations that their resources to produce optimal outputs have maximized their use, superefficiency scores earned and ranked higher.
Mohsen Behnam; Tanaz Tousi
Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, , Pages 47-60
Abstract
The purpose of this study was designing the consumers’ responses model of sport service to the affective Advertisements. Method research was descriptive - correlational. The statistical population consisted of all the of students University of Tehran. For sampling, we selected 440 students based ...
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The purpose of this study was designing the consumers’ responses model of sport service to the affective Advertisements. Method research was descriptive - correlational. The statistical population consisted of all the of students University of Tehran. For sampling, we selected 440 students based on stratified random sampling. For gathering data, three main questionnaires utilized: Aad questionnaire (Wells and et al., 1971), Arousal and Pleasure questionnaire (Mehrabian & Russell, 1988) and FI questionnaire (Machleit & Wilson, 1988). The validity of questionnaires determined by experts and the reliability were (α = 0.96) for Aad questionnaire, (α = 0.90) for Arousal questionnaire, (α = 0.93) for Pleasure questionnaire and (α = 0.93) for FI questionnaire. The SEM utilized for analyzing data. In examining relationships between variables, the output of the software EQS 6.1 was representing the structural model fit. (The index rate were NFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.95 & RMSEA = 0.068). It has been shown the appropriate SEM. In other words, the Observed data were similar to study design. The results indicated Aad (β =0.46) and pleasure (β =0.27) on consumer’s FI had the positive direct effect.The arousal (ϒ =0.51) on consumer’s FI had the strong indirect effect as well. According to our results, for creating the positive purchase behaviors among the sport service consumers, the understanding arousal, pleasure and Aad are essential by marketers and managers.
vali alizadeh; malek ahmadi; behzad ahadi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , November 2016, , Pages 47-54
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on tendency of primary schools physical education teachers in Parsabad to use instructional media in teaching and learning process. This study is cross - correlation and Applied for the objective. The population was included 65 physical ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on tendency of primary schools physical education teachers in Parsabad to use instructional media in teaching and learning process. This study is cross - correlation and Applied for the objective. The population was included 65 physical education teachers in elementary schools of Parsabad. The sample was selected equal with population. Research tools was Researcher made questionnaire it includes 28 items and 6 scales (the book, staffing specialist, motivational factors, teaching method, facilities and knowledge). Face and content-related validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was obtained on a sample of 20 individuals using Cronbach's alpha 0.89. The one-sample t test was used for data analysis. based on analysis of data, tendency to using instructional media in the teaching process and its components, between Primary school physical education teachers in this study was less than the average projection (P
vali alizadeh; javad shahlaei; leily alizadeh
Volume 5, Issue 3 , February 2017, , Pages 47-54
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the safety Conditions of outdoor sport spaces in public middle schools of Ardabil. In this descriptive study, 160 public schools were examined by stratified-random sampling method. Researcher made questionnaire was used to collect data that the validity of it ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the safety Conditions of outdoor sport spaces in public middle schools of Ardabil. In this descriptive study, 160 public schools were examined by stratified-random sampling method. Researcher made questionnaire was used to collect data that the validity of it confirmed by experts and its reliability with cronbach's alpha was 0/84. Data using descriptive statistics and T-test were analyzed by SPSS software version 20. The safety 46.44 percent of the equipment, 42.23 percent of the privacy and lines of play yard and 31.92 percent inside of playground was favorable. Also %57.7 of the playing fields of Volleyball, %54.5 of the playing fields of basketball, %35.7 of the playing fields of Badminton and %22 of the playing fields of handball & futsal have favorite and safe conditions for sports activities. Based on these findings, in total the safety of outdoor sports school in this study was not favorable.
Bahram Yousefi; Elham Asadzadeh; rasoul azadi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , December 2017, , Pages 47-56
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the psychological, social and environmental factors in the prediction of physical activity among a random sample of female students, secondary school education in the city of Urmia. Research, cross-survey, based on SEM. The sample consisted of 307 students from first ...
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The purpose of this study was to test the psychological, social and environmental factors in the prediction of physical activity among a random sample of female students, secondary school education in the city of Urmia. Research, cross-survey, based on SEM. The sample consisted of 307 students from first to third high school class. To explore the possible relationship of the four questionnaires, environment variables, psychological and social activities, health, teenage girls, was used, Reliability, through using, Cronbach's alpha was 83/0. Data Analysis was performed through using correlation test structural equation analysis. The test showed that the proposed model, the fit is acceptable, and can be used in future research. It was also noted that all environmental variables, social and emotional, with mutual solidarity, and physical activity, have a meaningful relationship. Accordingly, access to appropriate environmental conditions, friendly support of physical activity, and a sense of self-efficacy for physical activity, are of significant determinants of physical activity in leisure time of teenage girls. Hence, intervention programs should be increased based on environmental opportunities for physical activity, group-center physical activity preparation, and the use of the increased sense of self-efficacy.
Soheila Majlesi Ardehjani; Gholam Reza Shabanibahar; Majid Soleimani; Habib Honari
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a knowledge management model based on the organizational readiness of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. This research was correlational and its data were collected using a questionnaire The statistical population includes all employees of the Ministry ...
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The purpose of this study was to develop a knowledge management model based on the organizational readiness of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. This research was correlational and its data were collected using a questionnaire The statistical population includes all employees of the Ministry of Sport and Youth in 1995, which is 890 (569 men, 321 women). For each free parameter, 5 people were enrolled, thus the sample size was 350. Sampling was done using simple random sampling. The instrument for data collection was organizational readiness and knowledge management. The face validity of the questionnaires approved by 15 sports management professors and their ending by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for organizational readiness and knowledge management questionnaire were α = 0.78 andα = 75 / 0 Approved. The data were analyzed using the binomial test and using structural equation modeling method through Smart-PLS software. The results showed that organizational readiness had a positive and significant effect on knowledge management of the staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth (t = 3.221, p < 0.01). Explaining a clear and precise approach to the benefits of deploying a knowledge management system is considered necessary.
Habib Honari; Zeynab Mandalizadeh
Volume 2, Issue 1 , September 2013, , Pages 49-61
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is framework of developing and explaining an entrepreneurship missionstatement in sport of Iran from the view point of sport experts which is the results of research indeveloping a strategic plan for entrepreneurship in sport of Iran. In this study (quality and quantity) wasobtained ...
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The purpose of this paper is framework of developing and explaining an entrepreneurship missionstatement in sport of Iran from the view point of sport experts which is the results of research indeveloping a strategic plan for entrepreneurship in sport of Iran. In this study (quality and quantity) wasobtained by interview the view point of sport management elites. A research designed questionnaire wasdeveloped on this basis and according to elements of mission statement and after validity verification(by professors) and reliability (α=0.94), the questionnaire was distributed among physical educationorganization top managers, club managers, and professors of sport management. Then data analysis wasobtained by using Bartlett, Kaiser, and factor analysis tests. In conclusion, mission of entrepreneurshipin sport orienting physical education organization was developed: "mission of entrepreneurship isproviding dynamic economic for sport industry and help to sport development by privatization insociety in order to develop innovation and employment.” So entrepreneurship mission statement in sportof Iran determines nature and concept of future activates in organization of physical action, in order tocreate employment and development the effective entrepreneurship plan in the same course.
Seyed Mohammad Hosein Razavi; Seyed Mohammad Niazi; Mohammad Reza Boroumand Dolagh
Volume 3, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 49-60
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design and develop a strategy for the development of sport in Mashhad. The population was all faculty members in Mashhad (42 men &38 women). As the entire small statistical sample, were considered.For data collection, a questionnaire was designed, its validity and ...
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The purpose of this study was to design and develop a strategy for the development of sport in Mashhad. The population was all faculty members in Mashhad (42 men &38 women). As the entire small statistical sample, were considered.For data collection, a questionnaire was designed, its validity and its reliability were confirmed by several expert teachers and using Cronbach's alpha (87%) respectively. The questionnaire included 47 questions ranked surveying the strengths, weaknesses and threats sport for the city of Mashhad. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Friedman test. After analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of internal and external factors evaluation matrix for each sport, It was evident that mashhad sport is located in WT position Defensive strategy that should be used to modify or abandon. Finally, based on the analysis of strategic management strategic plan designed to develop the sport in physical education in Mashhad will included a statement of vision, mission, goals, and long-term, strategic and operational plans of the sport
sardar mohammadi; Mohammad Veisi
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 49-58
Abstract
Teachers' attitudes towards the school environment can provide a lot of information about the school environment and this information can improve the performance of a public education agency may be used. The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the school environment ...
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Teachers' attitudes towards the school environment can provide a lot of information about the school environment and this information can improve the performance of a public education agency may be used. The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the school environment (SLEQ) Physical education teachers in Kurdistan is the view. The number of participating teachers, which included 246 subjects (138 men and 108 women) using sampling and Table Krjsay and Morgan were selected as the sample (N = 200) and the school responded to the questionnaire. Teachers' perceptions of the psychosocial aspects of the questionnaire SLEQ school. Which includes 56 items on a scale of five values for the eight dimensions: (1) support for students (2) dependence (3) professional interests (4) Consensus Working (5) Empowering (6) Innovation (7 ) the adequacy of resources, and (8) work pressure is built. Validated questionnaire for face and content validity (expert opinion), structure (varimax exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and reliability of Cronbach's alpha (subscales of student support, affiliation, professional interest, a working consensus, empowerment, innovation sufficient resources and work pressures were 0/77, 0/68, 0/71, 0/66, 0/73, 0/70, 0/72, 0/68 and the total scale of 0/859) was used. The structural equation modeling software EQS done. According to Cronbach alpha coefficients are above the Persian form of the SLEQ scale reliability was considered acceptable. In general we can say that this questionnaire is a useful tool to assess teachers' perceptions of school environment
Reza Andam; Morteza Asgari; Mitra Salimi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2016, , Pages 49-61
Abstract
The purpose of present research was to investigate Barriers to promote traditional games from the perspective of the students. The research method was descriptive - correlational. The research Statistical population was students of physical education. Finally, 151 people (boy and girl students) from ...
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The purpose of present research was to investigate Barriers to promote traditional games from the perspective of the students. The research method was descriptive - correlational. The research Statistical population was students of physical education. Finally, 151 people (boy and girl students) from five universities were randomly selected as the statistical sample. Researcher made questionnaire was used to collect data which its content and face validity was checked and confirmed by 12 of experts. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire (α=0.86). The respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagreed) to 5 (strongly agreed). Factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to analyze the data. According to factor analysis, 31 variables were selected and classified into six categories “managerial, psychological, organizational, environmental, cultural and interpersonal”. The results showed that the most important barriers were "expansion of computer games (4.39± 0.94)". The least important barriers was "physical problems and medical prohibits (2.42 ± 1.19)". The findings demonstrated that ranking the factors that hinder the development of traditional games, was respectively equal to managerial, organizational, cultural, interpersonal, environmental, and psychological factors. Also analysis and comparison of the perspectives of students who were aware of traditional games and students who were not aware, indicated that the management, psychological, organizational and environmental factors showed no significant difference between students (p>0/05), But there are significant differences between cultural factors and the Interpersonal factors (p
Hamid Ghasemi; BAHMAN ASGARI; Maryam Rahmani
Volume 5, Issue 1 , August 2016, , Pages 49-55
Abstract
This study aims to eveluate publication delays in scholarly journals of physical education branches published in Iran. The population of present study included all scholarly journals of physical education published in Iran in which 16 journals were one- branch journal in 5 branches of physical education ...
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This study aims to eveluate publication delays in scholarly journals of physical education branches published in Iran. The population of present study included all scholarly journals of physical education published in Iran in which 16 journals were one- branch journal in 5 branches of physical education selected as statistic sample by judgment sampling and in total 1276 articles evaluated. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman Tests) by SPSS software in significantly level P≤0.05 have been used. Research results showed that journals of sport management branch have highest delay in 3 stages of Submitted- Accepted, Accepted- Published and Submitted- Published among physical education branches. There is also significantly difference in 3 stages of Submitted- Accepted, Accepted- Published and Submitted- Published among journals of physical education branches. Moreover, there is significantly relationship between publication number with stages of Submitted- Accepted, Accepted- Published and Submitted- Published. In total, it seems that the publication delays in scholarly journals of physical education especially of the sport management branch is at the upper level and should be reduced as much as possible in different ways so that other researchers benefit updating scientific production.
Abolfazl Farahani; Hamid Ghasemi; Habib Honari; Mohammad Rasoul Khodadadi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , March 2015, , Pages 51-64
Abstract
This research aims to validate and factor analysis of Fan Based Brand Equity (FBBE) questionnaire offootball in Iranian super league clubs that was descriptive-analysis and done through survey method. Thestatistic society was football club fans of 13thfootball super league and sample society was 880 ...
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This research aims to validate and factor analysis of Fan Based Brand Equity (FBBE) questionnaire offootball in Iranian super league clubs that was descriptive-analysis and done through survey method. Thestatistic society was football club fans of 13thfootball super league and sample society was 880 of chosenseven clubs using Qucran sampling method done by available sample using random category andclustering methods. The instrument was author made questionnaire of FBBE. Total reliability was(CVI=0.91) and validity was surveyed in 2 pilot methods of test-retest (ICC= 0.89) and Chronbach thatshowed upper than 0.8 for 52 questions and lower for 2 ones, that were eliminated from questionnairefinally. Firstly, data were analyzed for descriptive of mean, Std. frequencies, percentiles and charts, then,descriptive statistical were evaluated for all variables. Using KS showed that distribution was normal, andAmos were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that collected dataare in line with research theory model with amounts of 20.86 for Chi-Square and 0.066 for significant thatis more than 0.05. (GFI) is 0.984 that is a desirable amount for Model fitting. (RMSEA) is 0.064 andconsidering that the amount is less than 0.07 it can be rule to acceptance of research model. (TLI) index is0.968, (CFI) index is 0.989 and (PNFI) is 0529 that all are showing desired fitting and acceptance ofresearch model. The results of Regression estimation show that traits and brand association benefits factorshave no relation on loyalty of Iranian super league fans. Brand association attitudes and brandidentification factors have direct and significant relation with loyalty to brand in Iranian super league fans.
Masoume Rabibi; Rasoul Nazari; Parviz Jalili kamjo
Abstract
All sport is directly related to dynamism and mental health and also has a significant role in the development of health literacy and leads to increased health at all ages. But despite much progress, it is still looking for a way to generate sustainable revenue. The present study aims to predict the ...
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All sport is directly related to dynamism and mental health and also has a significant role in the development of health literacy and leads to increased health at all ages. But despite much progress, it is still looking for a way to generate sustainable revenue. The present study aims to predict the future of professional sports in Iran, to discover the future of All sports and to develop sustainable income generation scenarios for 1414 (2035) and to present a strategy. Futurism with a scenario approach has been used due to the method of intuitive logic and to design the scenarios, the method of trend analysis and uncertainties and a six-stage integrated scenario model were used. The participants of the present study included 25 domestic and foreign stakeholders of Iranian All sports who were selected based on purposive sampling.Data were collected through interviews and open-ended questionnaires.Based on the findings, the analysis of the 30 main factors obtained eventually led to the production of two key uncertainties that formed the basis of the four main scenarios of sustainable monetization of Iranian All sports.
Reza Andam; Mahnaz Asadi
Volume 3, Issue 4 , June 2015, , Pages 52-63
Abstract
Several studies have shown that physical education teachers are exposed to occupational stresses; some of these factors were related to the job environment, which can have adverse effects on their health and their educational role. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between ...
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Several studies have shown that physical education teachers are exposed to occupational stresses; some of these factors were related to the job environment, which can have adverse effects on their health and their educational role. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between stress and job autonomy among physical education teachers in Sabzevar city. The method of this research was descriptive – correlation. For this purpose, 150 physical education teachers (74 male and 76 female) were selected and TAS job autonomy questionnaire and job stress by Cook and colleagues (1981) were distributed among them. The validity of questionnaires was confirmed With sport management professors and physical education teachers and the level of reliabilityWas determined through using Cronbach's alpha for the scale of job autonomy (α= 0.70) and the job stress inventory (α = 0.74). Data Was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman correlation, Durbin-Watson testand multiple regression analysis). Results showed a negative and significant relationship between job autonomy (r= - 0.279; p= 0.001 (and general autonomy (r= - 0.329; p= 0.001) with job stress, but there was no significant association between curriculum autonomy with occupational stress. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that general autonomy is the best predictor of the job stress. Findings suggest that educational administrators should provide a basis for increasing job autonomy of physical education teachers to reduced their job stress and enable them to carry out their teaching duties properly.
Sayyed Moslem Alavi; Maryam Rahimzadeh
Volume 4, Issue 3 , February 2016, , Pages 53-65
Abstract
Constant changes in customer needs and the increase of competition in industry lead companies to have a distinct definition of their customer needs and categorize them to plan and undertake satisfactory activities. Sport industry cannot be an exception and because of its main role in mental and physical ...
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Constant changes in customer needs and the increase of competition in industry lead companies to have a distinct definition of their customer needs and categorize them to plan and undertake satisfactory activities. Sport industry cannot be an exception and because of its main role in mental and physical health of society, this identification and subsequently categorization of customer needs can differentiate the clubs and may attract more customers and consequently lead to more healthy individuals. Based on this issue and in order to identify and categorize customer needs, a set of data is gathered in sport club of Narjes Shiraz using researcher made questionnaire among 280 customers. To test the validity of questionnaire, face approach is applied. Reliability test consists of two approaches including alpha cronbach (78%) and split half approach (71%). Data analysis is performed through three approaches including freedman test, Mann Whitney and kruskal Wallis tests. In addition, two distinct approaches of Kano model including maximum frequency and best and worst attributes are implemented. Based on findings, customer needs fall into four categories and the highest effect on customer satisfaction belongs to club availability for customer. On the other hand, there are differences among customers with different demography towards needs importance